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Fencer Vulns
high 7.5

CVE-2026-45445 json

AES-OCB IV Ignored on EVP_Cipher() Path

published 2026-06-09 5 mo ago modified 2026-08-13 2 mo ago also EUVD-2026-35489 , GHSA-v446-xwfm-x7mr , JLSEC-2026-1143

cvss
7.5
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.7%
EPSS 0.7% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 53%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Issue summary: When an application drives an AES-OCB context through the public EVP_Cipher() one-shot interface, the application-supplied initialisation vector (IV) is silently discarded.

Impact summary: Every message encrypted under the same key uses the same effective nonce regardless of the IV supplied by the caller, resulting in (key, nonce) reuse and loss of confidentiality. If the same code path is used to compute the authentication tag, the tag depends only on the (key, IV) pair and not on the plaintext or ciphertext, allowing universal forgery of arbitrary ciphertext from a single captured message.

OpenSSL provides two ways to drive a cipher: the documented streaming interface (EVP_CipherUpdate / EVP_CipherFinal_ex) and a lower-level one-shot, EVP_Cipher(), whose documentation explicitly recommends against use by applications in favour of EVP_CipherUpdate() and EVP_CipherFinal_ex(). The OCB provider's streaming handler flushes the application-supplied IV into the OCB context before processing data; the one-shot handler did not. Every call to EVP_Cipher() on an AES-OCB context therefore ran with the all-zero key-derived offset state left by cipher initialisation, regardless of the caller's IV.

If EVP_EncryptFinal_ex() is subsequently used to obtain the authentication tag, the deferred IV setup runs at that point and clears the running checksum that should have been accumulated over the plaintext. The resulting tag is a function of (key, IV) only and verifies against any ciphertext produced under the same (key, IV) pair.

The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not affected: AES-OCB is not a TLS cipher suite, and libssl does not call EVP_Cipher() in any case. Applications that drive AES-OCB through the documented streaming AEAD API (EVP_CipherUpdate / EVP_CipherFinal_ex) are not affected. Only applications that combine the AES-OCB cipher with the EVP_Cipher() one-shot API are vulnerable.

The FIPS modules in 4.0, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as AES-OCB is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.

Patch / fix

  • julia AppBundler 1.0.1
  • julia OpenSSL_jll 3.5.7+0
  • OpenSSL OpenSSL 3.0.21, 3.4.6, 3.5.7, 3.6.3, 4.0.1
  • openssl Debian 12 3.0.20-1~deb12u2
  • openssl Debian 13 3.5.6-1~deb13u2
  • openssl Debian 14 3.6.3-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-45445

  • openssl Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.25
  • openssl Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 3.0.13-0ubuntu3.11
  • openssl Ubuntu 25.10 3.5.3-1ubuntu3.4
  • openssl Ubuntu 26.04 LTS 3.5.5-1ubuntu3.2
  • openssl Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 22.04 LTS 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.25+Fips1
  • openssl-fips Ubuntu Pro FIPS-updates 24.04 LTS 3.0.13-0ubuntu3.12+Fips1

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2026-45445

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • bootupd hummingbird 1 0.3.2-1.hum1
  • rust-bootupd hummingbird 1 0.3.2-1.hum1
  • ruby3.4 hummingbird 1 3.4.10-31.7.hum1
  • ruby3.4-libs hummingbird 1 3.4.10-31.7.hum1
  • ruby3.4-bundled-gems hummingbird 1 3.4.10-31.7.hum1
  • ruby3.4-default-gems hummingbird 1 3.4.10-31.7.hum1
  • ruby4.0 hummingbird 1 4.0.6-37.3.hum1
  • ruby4.0-libs hummingbird 1 4.0.6-37.3.hum1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:84573RHSA-2026:84572RHSA-2026:83617RHSA-2026:71542RHSA-2026:67551RHSA-2026:62790

  • openssl-3 SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 3.2.3-150700.5.36.1
  • openssl-3 SLES for SAP 15 SP4, SLES 15 SP4-LTSS, SLE Micro 5.4 +3 more 3.0.8-150400.4.87.1
  • openssl-3 SLES 16.0, Linux Micro 6.2, SLES for SAP applications 16.0 3.5.0-160000.8.1
  • openssl-3 SLES for SAP 15 SP5, SLES 15 SP5-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS +1 more 3.0.8-150500.5.66.1
  • openssl-3 Linux Micro 6.1 3.1.4-slfo.1.1_10.1
  • openssl-3 Linux Micro 6.0 3.1.4-14.1
  • openssl-3 SLES for SAP 15 SP6, SLES 15 SP6-LTSS 3.1.4-150600.5.53.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2026:2648-1SUSE-SU-2026:2598-1SUSE-SU-2026:22251-1SUSE-SU-2026:22315-1SUSE-SU-2026:2397-1SUSE-SU-2026:2393-1

  • openssl-3 openSUSE Leap 16.0 3.5.0-160000.8.1
  • openssl-3 openSUSE Tumbleweed 3.5.3-6.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:21005-1openSUSE-SU-2026:11023-1

  • openssl AlmaLinux 10 1:3.5.5-4.el10_2.alma.1
  • openssl-libs AlmaLinux 10 1:3.5.5-4.el10_2.alma.1
  • openssl-perl AlmaLinux 10 1:3.5.5-4.el10_2.alma.1
  • openssl AlmaLinux 9 1:3.5.5-4.el9_8
  • openssl-libs AlmaLinux 9 1:3.5.5-4.el9_8
  • openssl-perl AlmaLinux 9 1:3.5.5-4.el9_8

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:25237ALSA-2026:25239

  • openssl Rocky Linux 10 1:3.5.5-4.el10_2
  • openssl Rocky Linux 9 1:3.5.5-4.el9_8

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:25237RLSA-2026:25239

  • openssl Alpine 3.21 3.3.7-r1
  • openssl Alpine 3.24, Alpine 3.23, Alpine 3.22 3.5.7-r0

alpine advisories ALPINE-CVE-2026-45445

Alpine secdb © Alpine Linux, from https://secdb.alpinelinux.org via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • edk2 Azure Linux 3.0 20240524git3e722403cd16-18
  • openssl Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.7-3

azure linux advisories AZL-89876AZL-90087

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-45445 updated cvss 9.1

openssl: AES-OCB IV Ignored on EVP_Cipher() Path

  • Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.17 cert-manager/cert-manager-operator-rhel9 1791788287, cert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-rhel9 1791371069, cert-manager/cert-manager-operator-bundle 1791970484, cert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-acmesolver-rhel9 1791371080
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:82888
  • Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.18 cert-manager/cert-manager-operator-rhel9 1789029076, cert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-rhel9 1791459711, cert-manager/cert-manager-istio-csr-rhel9 1791459759, cert-manager/cert-manager-operator-bundle 1791966259, cert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-acmesolver-rhel9 1791459707
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:82354
  • Red Hat Cert Manager support for Red Hat OpenShift release 1.20 cert-manager/cert-manager-trust-manager-rhel9 1790598593
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:72502
  • Red Hat Cost Management 4 costmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-rhel9-operator 1783539156
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:39981
  • Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 1782166952, discovery/discovery-server-rhel9 1782159791
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:29197
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) openssl-perl 3.5.5-4.el9_8
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:25239
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) openssl-perl 3.5.5-4.el10_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:25237
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) openssl-debuginfo 3.0.7-18.el9_2.4, openssl-debugsource 3.0.7-18.el9_2.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:84572
show 21 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4) openssl-debuginfo 3.0.7-29.el9_4.3, openssl-debugsource 3.0.7-29.el9_4.3, openssl-libs-debuginfo 3.0.7-29.el9_4.3
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:84573
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) openssl-perl 3.2.2-16.el10_0.7
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:71542
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) openssl-perl 3.2.2-7.el9_6.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:83617
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) openssl 3.5.5-4.el9_8, openssl-libs 3.5.5-4.el9_8
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:25239
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) openssl 3.5.5-4.el10_2, openssl-libs 3.5.5-4.el10_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:25237
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) openssl 3.0.7-18.el9_2.4, openssl-libs 3.0.7-18.el9_2.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:84572
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.4) openssl 3.0.7-29.el9_4.3, openssl-libs 3.0.7-29.el9_4.3
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:84573
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) openssl 3.2.2-16.el10_0.7, openssl-libs 3.2.2-16.el10_0.7
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:71542
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) openssl 3.2.2-7.el9_6.4, openssl-libs 3.2.2-7.el9_6.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:83617
  • Red Hat Hardened Images bootupd 0.3.2-1.hum1, chunkah 0.6.0-3.hum1, openssl 3.5.8-0.1.hum1, openssl3 3.5.8-0.1.hum1, ruby4.0 4.0.6-37.3.hum1, ruby3.3 3.3.10-23.6.hum1, +20 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:67551
  • Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5 insights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9 1782890503
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:34102
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.0 rhai/base-image-cpu-rhel9 1793042072, rhai/base-image-cpu-rhel9 1793329709, rhai/base-image-tpu-rhel9 1793041987, rhai/base-image-cuda-rhel9 1793042067, rhai/base-image-cuda-rhel9 1793328358, rhai/base-image-rocm-rhel9 1793041981, +1 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:94459
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 rhai/base-image-cpu-rhel9 1793042088, rhai/base-image-tpu-rhel9 1793042006, rhai/base-image-gaudi-rhel9 1793042011, rhai/base-image-spyre-rhel9 1793042074, rhai/base-image-neuron-rhel9 1793042008, rhai/base-image-rocm-6.4-rhel9 1793041995, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:91241
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.5 rhai/base-image-cpu-rhel9 1793042162, rhai/base-image-tpu-rhel9 1793042010, rhai/base-image-gaudi-rhel9 1793042004, rhai/base-image-rubin-rhel9 1793042092, rhai/base-image-spyre-rhel9 1793042114, rhai/base-image-neuron-rhel9 1793042008, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:91204
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 rhcos 416.94.202611031928
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:95229
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 rhcos 418.94.202610242013
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:89725
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 rhcos 4.19.9.6.202610241701
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:89651
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.20 rhcos 4.20.9.6.202610242033
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:89333
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.21 rhcos 4.21.9.6.202610241345
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:89232
  • Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 rhui5/cds-rhel9 1781525684, rhui5/rhua-rhel9 1781525739, rhui5/haproxy-rhel9 1781525671, rhui5/rhua-tp-rhel9 1787241260, rhui5/installer-rhel9 1781525693, rhui5/installer-tp-rhel9 1787135742, +1 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:58981
  • Red Hat Cost Management 4 costmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-operator-bundle 1783613222 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 openssl, openssl-perl Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ovmf, OVMF, AAVMF Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 edk2, shim, openssl, shim-x64, edk2-ovmf, shim-aa64, +9 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 edk2, shim, shim-x64, edk2-ovmf, shim-aa64, edk2-tools, +4 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 edk2, shim, shim-unsigned-x64, shim-unsigned-aarch64
    +6 more products
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) openssl-perl 3.0.7-18.el9_2.4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.4) openssl-perl 3.0.7-29.el9_4.3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v. 10.0) openssl-libs-debuginfo 3.2.2-16.el10_0.7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) openssl-libs-debuginfo 3.2.2-7.el9_6.4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) openssl-libs-debuginfo 3.0.7-18.el9_2.4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) openssl-libs-debuginfo 3.2.2-16.el10_0.7
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

7 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
5 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.70% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 53% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CISA ADP 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CNA 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
OSV 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
julia AppBundler
>=1.0.0, <1.0.1
1.0.1
julia OpenSSL_jll
>=3.0.8+0, <3.5.7+0
3.5.7+0
julia Openresty_jll
>=1.27.1+0
 no fix listed

Affected products

  • OpenSSL OpenSSL

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-325 Missing Cryptographic Step
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.