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Fencer Vulns
medium 6.1

CVE-2021-44528 json

actionpack Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware

published 2021-12-14 4 y ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also BIT-rails-2021-44528 , EUVD-2021-2571 , GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc

cvss
6.1
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
4.4%
EPSS 4.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 91%
public exploits
0
none known, plus a Nuclei check

Summary

A open redirect vulnerability exists in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow an attacker to craft a "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.

Patch / fix

  • rubygems actionpack 6.0.4.2, 6.1.4.2
  • rails Debian 14, Debian 13, Debian 12 2:6.1.4.6+dfsg-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2021-44528

  • rubygem-actionpack-6.0 openSUSE Tumbleweed 6.0.4.4-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2024:11821-1

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2021-44528 updated cvss 5.4

rubygem-actionpack: specially crafted "X-Forwarded-Host" headers may lead to open redirect

  • Red Hat Satellite 6 tfm-rubygem-actionpack
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Exploit prediction

4.42% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 91% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • Nuclei template Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware nuclei detection template

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
GitHub 3.1 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
NVD 3.1 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
NVD 2.0 5.8 AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:N
OSV 3.1 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
rubygems actionpack
>=6.0.0, <6.0.4.2
>=6.1.0, <6.1.4.2
6.0.4.2
6.1.4.2
bitnami rails
>=7.0.0-rc2, <=7.0.0-rc2
 no fix listed

Affected products

  • n/a https://github.com/rails/rails

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.