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Fencer Vulns
high 7.5

CVE-2026-96640 json

Pillow PDF append accepts malformed shared page-tree DAG causing resource exhaustion

published 2026-10-21 18 d ago modified 2026-10-29 11 d ago also BIT-pillow-2026-96640 , EUVD-2026-107570 , GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2

cvss
7.5
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.6%
EPSS 0.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 49%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 5.1.0 until 13.0.0, PdfParser.linearize_page_tree() in src/PIL/PdfParser.py treats a PDF /Pages graph as a tree without tracking duplicate indirect references. When Image.save(..., format="PDF", append=True) processes an attacker-controlled existing PDF whose /Kids arrays repeatedly reference the same child /Pages node, Pillow expands the shared subtree as distinct pages. A compact malformed PDF can therefore create exponentially many page references and consume disproportionate CPU before the append completes. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.

Patch / fix

  • pypi pillow 13.0.0
  • bitnami pillow 13.0.0
  • python pillow 13.0.0
  • python-Pillow SLE Module for Package Hub 15 SP7 7.2.0-150300.3.33.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2026:5038-1

  • python-Pillow openSUSE Tumbleweed 13.0.0-2.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:12251-1

  • python3-pillow AlmaLinux 8 5.1.1-33.el8_10
  • python3-pillow-tk AlmaLinux 8 5.1.1-33.el8_10

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:92639

  • python-pillow Rocky Linux 8 5.1.1-33.el8_10

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:92639

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-96640 updated cvss 7.5

pillow: pillow: Denial of Service via duplicate page references in PDF files

  • Red Hat Exploit Intelligence exploit-intelligence/vulnerability-analysis-rhel9 Red Hat Lightspeed Core lightspeed-core/rag-tool-cpu-rhel9, lightspeed-core/lightspeed-stack-rhel9, lightspeed-core/rag-tool-cuda-12.9-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-ocp-rag-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-service-api-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed-tech-preview/lightspeed-rag-tool-rhel9
    affected: no fix available
  • Red Hat AI Inference Server rhaii/vllm-tpu-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-cpu-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-tpu-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9, rhaii/vllm-neuron-rhel9, +3 more
    affected: no fix available, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 python3.12-pillow 12.3.0-1.el9ap, ansible-automation-platform-26/hub-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-27/hub-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-26/lightspeed-chatbot-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-27/lightspeed-chatbot-rhel9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gcp-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9, +2 more Red Hat Lightspeed Services for OCP lightspeed-services-ocp/ocp-rules-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-automl-rhel9, rhoai/odh-autorag-rhel9, rhoai/odh-ogx-core-rhel9, rhoai/odh-feature-server-rhel9, rhoai/odh-llm-d-kv-cache-rhel9, rhoai/odh-llama-stack-core-rhel9, +27 more Red Hat Quay 3 quay/quay-rhel8, quay/quay-rhel9
    affected: no fix available
  • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.5 rhaii/vllm-cpu-rhel9 1793444554, rhaii/vllm-cuda-rhel9 1793444600, rhaii/vllm-rocm-rhel9 1793444456, rhaii/vllm-gaudi-rhel9 1793444510, rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9 1793444409, rhaii/model-opt-cuda-rhel9 1793444339
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:94715
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) python-pillow 5.1.1-33.el8_10, python3-pillow 5.1.1-33.el8_10 Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) python3-pillow 5.1.1-33.el8_10, python3-pillow-tk 5.1.1-33.el8_10
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:92639
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 rhoai/odh-mlflow-rhel9 1793002327, rhoai/odh-openvino-model-server-rhel9 1792683954, rhoai/odh-training-rocm64-torch29-py312-rhel9 1792890009, rhoai/odh-training-cuda128-torch29-py312-rhel9 1792890022
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:92510
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.5 rhai/guidellm-rhel9 1793719302
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:94631
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 python-pyyaml 6.0.1-1.el8pc, python-pillow 13.0.0-1.el8pc, python3.11-pyyaml 6.0.1-1.el8pc, python3.11-pillow 13.0.0-1.el8pc Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 python-pyyaml 6.0.1-1.el9pc, python-pillow 13.0.0-1.el9pc, python3.11-pyyaml 6.0.1-1.el9pc, python3.11-pillow 13.0.0-1.el9pc
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:95655
show 6 more
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 python-pillow 13.0.0-1.el9pc, python3.11-pillow 13.0.0-1.el9pc
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:95656
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 python3.12-pillow 13.0.0-1.el9pc
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:95657
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9 python3.12-pillow 13.0.0-1.el9pc
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:92861
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 python-pillow 10.3.0-1.el9ap, python3x-pillow 10.3.0-1.el8ap, python3.11-pillow 10.3.0-1.el8ap, ansible-automation-platform/automation-dashboard-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-25/lightspeed-chatbot-rhel8
    not affected: vulnerable code not present
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9, rhoai/odh-kserve-agent-rhel9, rhoai/odh-kserve-router-rhel9, rhoai/odh-kserve-controller-rhel9, rhoai/odh-th06-cpu-torch291-py312-rhel9, rhoai/odh-th06-cuda130-torch291-py312-rhel9
    not affected: component not present
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 rhoai/odh-cli-rhel9 1792722177, rhoai/rhai-cli-rhel9 1792722177, rhoai/odh-automl-rhel9 1792697253, rhoai/odh-autorag-rhel9 1793265800, rhoai/odh-trainer-rhel9 1792817113, rhoai/odh-eval-hub-rhel9 1792976377, +96 more Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 python-nh3 0.3.0-2.el8pc, python-brotli 1.2.1-1.el8pc, python-django 4.2.30-2.el8pc, python-urllib3 2.8.0-1.el8pc, python3.11-nh3 0.3.0-2.el8pc, openvox-agent 8.32.0-1.el8sat, +10 more Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 python-nh3 0.3.0-2.el9pc, python-brotli 1.2.1-1.el9pc, python-django 4.2.30-2.el9pc, python-urllib3 2.8.0-1.el9pc, python3.11-nh3 0.3.0-2.el9pc, openvox-agent 8.32.0-1.el9sat, +10 more Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 python-brotli 1.2.1-1.el9pc, python-django 4.2.30-2.el9pc, python-urllib3 2.8.0-1.el9pc, openvox-agent 8.32.0-1.el9sat, openvox-server 8.18.0-1.el9sat, python-gitpython 3.2.1-1.el9pc, +6 more Red Hat Satellite 6.18 for RHEL 9 openvox-agent 8.32.0-1.el9sat, openvox-server 8.18.0-1.el9sat, python3.12-brotli 1.2.1-1.el9pc, python3.12-django 4.2.30-3.el9pc, python3.12-urllib3 2.8.0-1.el9pc, python3.12-gitpython 3.2.1-1.el9pc, +2 more Red Hat Satellite 6.19 for RHEL 9 openvox-agent 8.31.1-1.el9sat, openvox-server 8.17.0-1.el9sat, python3.12-brotli 1.2.1-1.el9pc, python3.12-django 4.2.30-3.el9pc, python3.12-urllib3 2.8.0-1.el9pc, python3.12-gitpython 3.2.1-1.el9pc, +2 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
12 d ago

Exploit prediction

0.60% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 49% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • github.com https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/security/advisories/GHSA-mrfp-p49p-3hf2 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 8.2 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CNA 4.0 8.2 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
pypi pillow
>=5.1.0, <13.0.0
13.0.0
bitnami pillow
>=5.1.0, <13.0.0
13.0.0

Affected products

  • python-pillow Pillow

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.