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Fencer Vulns
critical 9.4

CVE-2026-53595 json

FreeScout vulnerable to anonymous account takeover via /user-setup empty invite_hash on MySQL

published 2026-07-20 3 mo ago modified 2026-10-24 15 d ago also EUVD-2026-46094

cvss
9.4
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
1.9%
EPSS 1.9% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 80%
public exploits
0
none known, plus a Nuclei check

Summary

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.224, the public endpoint `POST /user-setup/{hash}/{invite_sent_at}` (`OpenController@userSetupSave`) selects the target account solely by its `invite_hash` column, then overwrites that account's email and password and logs in as it. No authentication, cookie, or prior session is required. After a user activates, FreeScout sets `invite_hash` to the empty string. On MySQL and MariaDB, `VARCHAR` equality ignores trailing spaces, so a single URL-encoded space (`%20`) matches the stored empty string and selects the lowest-id activated user. The expiry guard decrypts `invite_sent_at` with the target's password hash, but `Helper::decrypt` returns its raw input unchanged when decryption fails. A plaintext numeric value such as `9999999999` therefore passes the time-to-live check without any secret. The result is that an anonymous attacker sets the email and password of the lowest-id activated FreeScout account (a support agent, or an administrator if one was added by invitation) and authenticates as that account. Version 1.8.224 contains a fix.

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
3 mo ago

Exploit prediction

1.94% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 80% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • Nuclei template FreeScout < 1.8.224 - Invite Hash Authorization Bypass nuclei detection template
  • github.com https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/security/advisories/GHSA-jqj5-r72v-v29g referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 9.4 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

Affected products

  • freescout-help-desk freescout

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-178 Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-287 Improper Authentication
  • CWE-640 Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.