MantisBT: Remote Code Execution via eval() Class Hoisting in adm_config_set.php

Summary

MantisBT 2.28.3 and earlier contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the admin "Manage Configuration" feature (adm_config_set.php). When setting a configuration value with a non-string type (integer, float, complex), the value is passed through ConfigParser -> Tokenizer, which calls *eval()* with a `return;` prefix intended to prevent code execution.

However, PHP hoists function and class declarations at compile time, even past a *return* statement. An attacker can define a class in the eval()'d code that hijacks a class loaded later via PHP's autoloader, achieving arbitrary code execution.

This vulnerability requires administrator access to the web UI (adm_config_set.php). The REST API's ConfigsSetCommand does NOT use Tokenizer/eval() and is not affected.

### Impact - Remote code execution as the web server user (www-data) from an authenticated administrator session

### Patches - https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/commit/78c0af63d1fe0118004744cab21ca3bf2cea0f5c

### Workarounds None.

### Resources - https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=37122

### Credits McCaulay Hudson (@_McCaulay) of watchTowr