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Fencer Vulns
medium 6.5

CVE-2026-45149 json

brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection

published 2026-05-18 5 mo ago modified 2026-09-10 1 mo ago also GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2 , EUVD-2026-33442

cvss
6.5
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.3%
EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 22%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.

Patch / fix

  • npm brace-expansion 5.0.6
  • juliangruber brace-expansion 5.0.6
  • node-brace-expansion Debian 14 2.0.3+~1.1.2-3

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-45149

  • nodejs24 hummingbird 1 24.15.0-1.hum1
  • nodejs24-bin hummingbird 1 24.15.0-1.hum1
  • nodejs24-npm hummingbird 1 11.12.1-1.24.15.0.1.hum1
  • nodejs24-libs hummingbird 1 24.15.0-1.hum1
  • nodejs24-npm-bin hummingbird 1 24.15.0-1.hum1
  • nodejs24-full-i18n hummingbird 1 24.15.0-1.hum1
  • lld hummingbird 1 21.1.8-1.1.hum1
  • lldb hummingbird 1 21.1.8-1.1.hum1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:13874RHSA-2026:7634RHSA-2026:24069RHSA-2026:22934RHSA-2026:22380RHSA-2026:17682

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-45149 updated cvss 6.5

brace-expansion: brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to excessive memory allocation when expanding large numeric ranges

  • Red Hat Confidential Compute Attestation openshift-sandboxed-containers/osc-pccs Red Hat Cryostat 4 cryostat-openshift-console-plugin-npm Red Hat Exploit Intelligence exploit-intelligence-tech-preview/vulnerability-analysis-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers rhmtc/openshift-migration-ui-rhel8 Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel8, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel8
    +1 more products
    Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 rhacm2/volsync-rhel9, rhacm2/volsync-operator-bundle, redhat-user-workloads/volsync-tenant/volsync-0-12, redhat-user-workloads/volsync-tenant/volsync-bundle-0-12
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 brace-expansion
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 ansible-automation-platform-26/gateway-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-27/gateway-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 2 brace-expansion Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 apicurio/apicurio-registry-ui-rhel8, apicurio/apicurio-registry-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Build of Keycloak brace-expansion
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop rh-podman-desktop.git Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop - Tech Preview rhdesktop/rh-podman-desktop-ext-redhat-account-rhel10 Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 rhcl-1/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Developer Hub 1 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Edge Manager 1 rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel10, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel10 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 pcs, rls, rust, cargo, clippy, cockpit, +17 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 gjs, npm, pcs, rust, cargo, clippy, +18 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 nodejs22
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack brace-expansion
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
show 14 more
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 openshift4/ose-console, openshift4/ose-console-rhel9, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel8, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel9, redhat-user-workloads/ocp-art-tenant/art-images Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4 rhceph-dev/odf4-mcg-core-rhel9, rhceph-dev/odf4-odf-console-rhel9, rhceph-dev/odf4-ocs-client-console-rhel9, rhceph-dev/odf4-odf-multicluster-console-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Process Automation 7 brace-expansion
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Satellite 6 satellite/iop-remediations-rhel9, satellite/iop-advisor-frontend-rhel9, satellite/iop-vulnerability-frontend-rhel9, satellite/iop-host-inventory-frontend-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 brace-expansion
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Self-service automation portal 2 ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Hardened Images rust 1.96.0-1.hum1, llvm 21.1.8-1.1.hum1, llvm21 21.1.8-6.hum1, rustfmt 1.96.0-1.hum1, rust-gdb 1.96.0-1.hum1, rust-src 1.96.0-1.hum1, +55 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:17682
  • Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4.22 odf4/cephcsi-rhel9 1787057250, odf4/odf-cli-rhel9 1787058706, odf4/mcg-core-rhel9 1787058450, odf4/odf-drbd-rhel9 1787059538, odf4/odf-console-rhel9 1787059072, odf4/devicefinder-rhel9 1787057603, +22 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:56928
  • Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29 devspaces/code-rhel9 1785245777, devspaces/dashboard-rhel9 1784737150
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:48124
  • Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30 devspaces/openvsx-rhel9 1787759145, devspaces/pluginregistry-rhel9 1787759723
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:62260
  • Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3.0 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9 1787076495, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel9 1787077028
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:59548
  • Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3.1 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9 1787092198, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel9 1787075730
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:59561
  • Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3.2 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9 1787092255, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel9 1787077188
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:59554
  • Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3.3 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9 1787077108, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel9 1787076322
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:59566
  • Red Hat Cryostat 4 brace-expansion, grafana-infinity-datasource-npm Red Hat Gatekeeper 3 gatekeeper/gatekeeper-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 mta/mta-ui-rhel8, mta/mta-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-rhel9-operator, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-operator-bundle, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-must-gather-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-419-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-pf5-rhel9
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

36 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
5 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.30% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 22% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
NVD 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
GitHub 3.1 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm brace-expansion
>=5.0.0, <5.0.6
5.0.6

Affected products

  • juliangruber brace-expansion

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.