CVE-2026-40494 json
SAIL has heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check
published 2026-04-18 6 mo ago modified 2026-10-25 14 d ago also EUVD-2026-23648
- cvss
- 9.8
- version 3.1, CNA
- cisa kev
- Not listed
- not in CISA's catalog
- epss
- 0.3%
- EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 26%
- public exploits
- 0
- none known
Summary
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in `tga.c` has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.
Patch / fix
- sail sail 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302
- sail Debian 14 0.9.10-2
debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-40494
CISA SSVC
- Exploitation
- Proof of concept is public
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
- Assessed
- 6 mo ago
Exploit prediction
0.33% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 26% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).
CVSS scores
| assigned by | version | score | vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA | 3.1 | 9.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Affected products
- HappySeaFox sail
Classification
- Weakness
-
- CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write
References
Sources
- CVE List CVE-2026-40494
- NVD CVE-2026-40494
Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.
CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.