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Fencer Vulns
medium 5.3

CVE-2026-13149 json

brace-expansion: DoS via exponential-time expansion of consecutive non-expanding {} groups

published 2026-06-30 4 mo ago modified 2026-10-25 14 d ago also GHSA-3jxr-9vmj-r5cp , EUVD-2026-40269

cvss
5.3
version 3.1, GitHub
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.4%
EPSS 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 30%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.

Patch / fix

  • npm brace-expansion 1.1.16, 2.1.2, 5.0.7
  • rh-podman-desktop RHEL 10.2 1.1.2-1.el10_2
  • nodejs26 hummingbird 1 26.7.0-1.5.1.hum1
  • nodejs26-bin hummingbird 1 26.7.0-1.5.1.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm hummingbird 1 11.19.0-1.26.7.0.1.5.1.hum1
  • nodejs26-libs hummingbird 1 26.7.0-1.5.1.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm-bin hummingbird 1 26.7.0-1.5.1.hum1
  • nodejs26-full-i18n hummingbird 1 26.7.0-1.5.1.hum1
  • npm RHEL 9 1:11.16.0-1.24.18.0.3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:57590RHSA-2026:53298RHSA-2026:52990RHSA-2026:52399RHSA-2026:52394RHSA-2026:47057

  • grafana Manager Client Tools 15 12.4.5-150000.1.98.1
  • golang-github-prometheus-prometheus Manager Client Tools 15 3.5.4-150000.3.75.1
  • golang-github-prometheus-alertmanager Manager Client Tools 15 0.28.1-150100.4.34.1
  • grafana Multi Linux Manager Tools SLE-15 12.4.5-150002.4.24.1
  • golang-github-prometheus-prometheus Multi Linux Manager Tools SLE-15 3.5.4-150002.3.16.1
  • golang-github-prometheus-alertmanager Multi Linux Manager Tools SLE-15 0.28.1-150002.4.14.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2026:3714-1SUSE-SU-2026:3713-1

  • agama-web-ui openSUSE Tumbleweed 24+0.a836cced5-52.1
  • agama-integration-tests openSUSE Tumbleweed 1785848065.5562c7c-4.1
  • agama-web-ui openSUSE Leap 16.0 17+673.b97ba64d6-160000.12.1
  • python-pytest-html openSUSE Leap 16.0 4.1.1-bp160.4.1
  • python-pytest-html openSUSE Tumbleweed 4.2.0-4.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:11680-1openSUSE-SU-2026:11452-1openSUSE-SU-2026:21448-1openSUSE-SU-2026:21312-1openSUSE-SU-2026:11220-1

  • nodejs-nodemon AlmaLinux 10 3.1.14-2.el10_2
  • nodejs AlmaLinux 10 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2
  • nodejs-npm AlmaLinux 10 1:10.9.8-1.22.23.1.4.el10_2
  • nodejs-libs AlmaLinux 10 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2
  • nodejs-full-i18n AlmaLinux 10 1:22.23.1-4.el10_2
  • nodejs24 AlmaLinux 10 1:24.18.0-3.el10_2
  • nodejs24-npm AlmaLinux 10 1:11.16.0-1.24.18.0.3.el10_2
  • nodejs24-libs AlmaLinux 10 1:24.18.0-3.el10_2

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:48032ALSA-2026:48033ALSA-2026:48034ALSA-2026:47057ALSA-2026:47058ALSA-2026:47059

  • nodejs Rocky Linux 9 1:24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+40264+d9b257bb
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 9 3.1.14-2.module+el9.8.0+40264+d9b257bb
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40052+e32ea525
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40153+4d595597
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40165+d075e3f2
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.8.0+40164+8921ab53
  • nodejs Rocky Linux 9 1:22.23.1-2.module+el9.8.0+40263+faa47049
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 9 3.1.14-1.module+el9.8.0+40263+faa47049

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:47057RLSA-2026:47058RLSA-2026:48033RLSA-2026:48034RLSA-2026:48032RLSA-2026:47059

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-13149 updated cvss 7.5

brace-expansion: Brace-expansion: Denial of Service due to exponential-time complexity

  • Red Hat Confidential Compute Attestation openshift-sandboxed-containers/osc-pccs
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Exploit Intelligence exploit-intelligence-tech-preview/vulnerability-analysis-rhel9 Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-rhel9-operator, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-operator-bundle, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-must-gather-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-agentic-console-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-419-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-pf5-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-pf5-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel8, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel8 Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 ansible-automation-platform-24/lightspeed-rhel8
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 brace-expansion 5.0.2 Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 apicurio/apicurio-registry-ui-rhel8, apicurio/apicurio-registry-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop rh-podman-desktop.git Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 rhcl-1/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Directory Server 11 389-ds-base 1.4.3.39-24.module+el8dsrv+24341+2b6b9665 Red Hat Directory Server 12 389-ds-base 2.6.1-3.module+el9dsrv+23022+962c3fa5 Red Hat Directory Server 13 389-ds-base 3.2.0-5.el10dsrv
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 rust 1.96.0-1.el10, rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9, rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Fuse 7 brace-expansion 5.0.2 Red Hat Hardened Images nodejs20 20.20.2-1.hum1, nodejs25 25.9.0-1.1.hum1
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
show 21 more
  • Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 brace-expansion 5.0.2
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 openshift4/ose-agent-installer-ui-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 5 openshift5/ose-console-rhel9, openshift5/nmstate-console-plugin-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat OpenShift GitOps openshift-gitops-1/argocd-rhel8, openshift-gitops-1/argocd-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 brace-expansion 5.0.2
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Trusted Profile Analyzer rhtpa/rhtpa-trustification-service-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 cryostat/cryostat-grafana-dashboard-rhel9 4.2.0-13
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:48151
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 1785413210
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:48872
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.11 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel9 1785415868
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:48891
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes for IBM Power, little endian 4.10 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 1785420959
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:48913
  • Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.13.6
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:66545
  • Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.14.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:66488
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.2 ansible-automation-platform/automation-portal 1784622951, ansible-automation-platform/bootc-automation-portal-rhel9 1786006573
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:42815
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.5 ansible-automation-platform-25/lightspeed-rhel8 1785430174
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:50357
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.6 ansible-automation-platform-26/gateway-rhel9 1785780020, ansible-automation-platform-26/lightspeed-rhel9 1785775360
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:50479
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 ansible-automation-platform-27/gateway-rhel9 1785435970
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:50340
  • Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9 1785972843
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:52768
  • Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9 1785411652, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-lightspeed-backend 1785332487, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-backend 1785332825
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:48126
  • Red Hat Edge Manager 1.1 rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel10 1789486181, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel9 1789486446, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel10 1789486226
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:68044
  • Red Hat Edge Manager 1.2 rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel9 1789486750, rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel10 1789488111, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel9 1789486476, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel10 1789485920
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:68006
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) nodejs 22.23.1-2.module+el8.10.0+24556+e9352af2, nodejs 24.18.0-2.module+el8.10.0+24562+090c6525, nodejs-libs 22.23.1-2.module+el8.10.0+24556+e9352af2, nodejs-libs 24.18.0-2.module+el8.10.0+24562+090c6525, npm 10.9.8-1.22.23.1.2.module+el8.10.0+24556+e9352af2, nodejs-nodemon 3.1.14-1.module+el8.10.0+24556+e9352af2, +8 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:47059
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) nodejs 22.23.1-2.module+el9.8.0+24538+3f176d52, nodejs 24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1, nodejs-libs 22.23.1-2.module+el9.8.0+24538+3f176d52, nodejs-libs 24.18.0-3.module+el9.8.0+24537+83ec84e1, npm 10.9.8-1.22.23.1.2.module+el9.8.0+24538+3f176d52, nodejs-nodemon 3.1.14-1.module+el9.8.0+24540+c30b2ffe, +8 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:47058

30 more fixed, 57 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
4 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.36% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 30% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 7.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber
CNA 4.0 7.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber
GitHub 3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm brace-expansion
>=3.0.0, <5.0.7
<1.1.16
>=2.0.0, <2.1.2
5.0.7
1.1.16
2.1.2

Affected products

  • juliangruber brace-expansion

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.