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Fencer Vulns
medium 5.3

CVE-2026-102277 json

brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service

published 2026-09-28 41 d ago modified 2026-09-30 39 d ago also GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr , EUVD-2026-88551

cvss
5.3
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.4%
EPSS 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 37%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.

Patch / fix

  • npm brace-expansion 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, 5.0.12
  • node-brace-expansion Debian 14 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2026-102277

  • nodejs26 hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-bin hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm hummingbird 1 11.19.1-1.26.10.0.0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-libs hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-npm-bin hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs26-full-i18n hummingbird 1 26.10.0-0.3.hum1
  • nodejs24 hummingbird 1 24.21.0-1.2.hum1
  • nodejs24-bin hummingbird 1 24.21.0-1.2.hum1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:74168RHSA-2026:74167RHSA-2026:74161

  • agama-web-ui openSUSE Tumbleweed 25+475.275dd4727-56.1
  • pi-coding-agent openSUSE Leap 16.0 1.0.4-bp160.1.1
  • pi-coding-agent openSUSE Tumbleweed 1.0.0-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:12424-1openSUSE-SU-2026:22111-1openSUSE-SU-2026:11967-1

  • npm AlmaLinux 8 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-libs AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-nodemon AlmaLinux 8 3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4
  • nodejs-full-i18n AlmaLinux 8 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1
  • nodejs-packaging AlmaLinux 8 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
  • nodejs-packaging-bundler AlmaLinux 8 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a
  • npm AlmaLinux 9 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:92376ALSA-2026:92378

  • nodejs Rocky Linux 9 1:24.22.1-3.module+el9.8.0+40401+e24b8c95
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 9 3.1.14-3.module+el9.8.0+40281+14cc6568
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40165+d075e3f2
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.8.0+40164+8921ab53
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40052+e32ea525
  • nodejs-packaging Rocky Linux 9 2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40153+4d595597
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 8 3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40277+b1b3f89e
  • nodejs-nodemon Rocky Linux 8 3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40278+50b003a3

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:92378RLSA-2026:92376

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2026-102277 updated cvss 5.3

brace-expansion: brace-expansion: Denial of Service via crafted brace patterns

  • Red Hat Cost Management On Premise costmanagement/costmanagement-ui-rhel10 Red Hat Cryostat 4 cryostat/cryostat-openshift-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Exploit Intelligence exploit-intelligence/vulnerability-analysis-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 mta/mta-ui-rhel9, mta/mta-nodejs-external-provider-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers rhmtc/openshift-migration-ui-rhel8 Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-rhel9-operator, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-operator-bundle, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-must-gather-rhel9
    +34 more products
    Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-pf5-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9-operator, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-operator-bundle Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 3scale-amp2/system-rhel8 Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 rhacm2/volsync-rhel9, rhacm2/volsync-operator-bundle Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel9 Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 amq-broker-bin.zip, amq-broker-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 automation-gateway, automation-controller, python3.11-azure-core, python3.12-azure-core, automation-platform-ui, automation-eda-controller, +14 more Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 rhaf-hawtio-maven-repository.zip Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 rhaf-camel-maven-repository.zip, rhaf-camel-spring-boot-maven-repository.zip, rhaf-camel-for-springboot-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Build of Keycloak rhbk-quarkus-dist.zip, keycloak-operator.redhat-00001.zip, keycloak-operator.redhat-00003.zip Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop rh-podman-desktop Red Hat Ceph Storage 4 cockpit-ceph-installer Red Hat Ceph Storage 9 libarrow, parquet-libs Red Hat Certification Program for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 redhat-certification-cnf Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 rhcl-1/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Data Grid 8 redhat-datagrid-maven-repository.zip Red Hat Developer Hub 1 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-lightspeed-backend, rhdh/red-hat-developer-hub-backstage-plugin-orchestrator-backend Red Hat Directory Server 11 389-ds-base Red Hat Directory Server 12 389-ds-base Red Hat Directory Server 13 389-ds-base Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Edge Manager 1 rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel10, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel10 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 rhsm-gtk, python-syspurpose, subscription-manager, subscription-manager-gui, subscription-manager-rhsm, subscription-manager-cockpit, +5 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 npm, pcs, rls, rust, cargo, clippy, +70 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 gjs, npm, pcs, rust, cargo, clippy, +66 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 pcs, rust, firefox, grafana, nodejs22, nodejs24, +14 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 rust, rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-rocm-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gaudi-rhel9, rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9 Red Hat Fuse 7 brace-expansion Red Hat Hardened Images rust, yarnpkg, dotnet8.0, llvm21 21.1.8-10.hum1, nodejs25 25.9.0-1.6.hum1, nodejs20 20.20.2-1.2.hum1, +5 more Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 jboss-eap-patch.zip, jboss-eap-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-full-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap-incremental-maven-repository.zip Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap.1-runtime-maven-repository.zip Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack jboss-eap-runtime-maven-repository.zip, jboss-eap.1-runtime-maven-repository.zip Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-mlflow-rhel9, rhoai/odh-core-bff-rhel9, rhoai/odh-dashboard-rhel9, rhoai/odh-mod-arch-maas-rhel9, rhoai/odh-feature-server-rhel9, rhoai/odh-mod-arch-automl-rhel9, +8 more Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 openshift4/ose-console, openshift4/ose-console-rhel9, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel8, openshift4/ose-monitoring-plugin-rhel9, openshift4/nmstate-console-plugin-rhel9, openshift4/ose-agent-installer-ui-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”

10 more affected, 3 more fixed, 3 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
40 d ago

Exploit prediction

0.43% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 37% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
GitHub 3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm brace-expansion
>=4.0.0, <5.0.12
>=3.0.0, <3.0.9
>=2.0.0, <2.1.7
<1.1.21
5.0.12
3.0.9
2.1.7
1.1.21

Affected products

  • juliangruber brace-expansion

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.