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Fencer Vulns
high 7.3

CVE-2025-9905 json

Arbitary Code execution in Keras load_model()

published 2025-09-19 13 mo ago modified 2026-10-19 20 d ago also GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv , PYSEC-2025-123 , EUVD-2025-30277

cvss
7.3
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.2%
EPSS 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 12%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True.

One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed.

This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives.

Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

Patch / fix

  • pypi keras 3.11.3
  • keras keras 3.11.3
  • keras Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.3-4

azure linux advisories AZL-67505

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-9905 updated cvss 8.6

keras: Arbitary Code execution in Keras load_model()

  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-modelmesh-runtime-adapter-rhel8
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.22 rhoai v2.22.3-1764594508
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22759
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 rhoai v2.25.1-1764825096
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:23531
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.22 rhoai v2.22.3-1763051808, rhoai v2.22.3-1763565765, rhoai v2.22.3-1763639678, rhoai v2.22.3-1764181290, rhoai v2.22.3-1764293130, rhoai v2.22.3-1764593039, +17 more Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 rhoai 0.0-1763988459, rhoai v2.25.1-1764757768, rhoai v2.25.1-1764757769, rhoai v2.25.1-1764757770, rhoai v2.25.1-1764757772, rhoai v2.25.1-1764757773, +35 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
13 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.22% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 12% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • github.com https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 7.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CNA 4.0 7.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD 3.1 7.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
OSV 3.1 7.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
pypi keras
>=3.0.0, <3.11.3
3.11.3

Affected products

  • Keras-team Keras

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-913 Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.