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Fencer Vulns
critical 9.8

CVE-2025-9312 json

Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products

published 2025-11-18 11 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2025-197988

cvss
9.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.3%
EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 16%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication.

Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.

Patch / fix

  • WSO2 WSO2 API Manager 2.2.0.58, 2.5.0.84, 2.6.0.145, 3.0.0.175, 3.1.0.339, 3.2.0.439, 3.2.1.59, 4.0.0.359, 4.1.0.222, 4.2.0.161, 4.3.0.73, 4.4.0.37, 4.5.0.21
  • WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane 4.5.0.22
  • WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager 4.5.0.20
  • WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway 4.5.0.20
  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager 5.3.0.39, 5.5.0.52, 5.6.0.74, 5.7.0.124, 5.9.0.175, 5.10.0.358
  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server 5.2.0.33, 5.3.0.34, 5.4.0.33, 5.4.1.37, 5.5.0.51, 5.6.0.59, 5.7.0.125, 5.8.0.109, 5.9.0.168, 5.10.0.368, 5.11.0.411, 6.0.0.243, 6.1.0.241, 7.0.0.116, 7.1.0.23
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking KM 1.4.0.132, 1.5.0.122
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM 1.4.0.138, 1.5.0.139, 2.0.0.388
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM 2.0.0.408
  • WSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service 1.1.1.2, 1.1.16.3, 1.1.18.4, 1.1.20.5, 1.1.26.7, 1.3.6.8, 1.4.0.18, 1.4.25.24, 1.4.52.4, 1.6.1.11, 1.7.1.4, 1.8.11.6, 1.8.41.2, 1.9.4.4, 1.9.18.2, 5.5.2

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
11 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.25% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 16% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • WSO2 WSO2 API Manager
  • WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane
  • WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager
  • WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway
  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager
  • WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking KM
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM
  • WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM
  • WSO2 org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Functionality

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.