ThingsBoard Add Gateway special elements used in a template engine

published 2025-08-17 14 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2025-25105

cvss: 4.3; version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev: Not listed; not in CISA's catalog
epss: 0.3%; EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 26%
public exploits: 0; none known

A vulnerability was detected in ThingsBoard 4.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Add Gateway Handler. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor replies, that "[t]he fix will come within upcoming release (v4.2) and will be inherited by maintenance releases of LTS versions (starting 4.0)."

CISA SSVC

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial
Assessed: 14 mo ago (2025-08-18)

Exploit prediction

0.33% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 26% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

drive.google.com https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cZy-rfQXsF58kJIVs4UXj7usXJuhjZjA/view referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by	version	score	vector
CNA	4.0	5.3	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
CNA	3.1	4.3	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
CNA	3.0	4.3	CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:X/RC:C
CNA	2.0	4.0	AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:C
CNA	4.0	2.1	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
CNA	3.1	4.3	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CNA	2.0	4.0	AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N

Affected products

n/a ThingsBoard

Classification

Weakness

CWE-1336 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CWE-791 Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements

References

drive.google.com /file/d/1cZy-rfQXsF58kJIVs4UXj7usXJuhjZjA/view
broken-link, exploit, permissions-required
vuldb.com /?id.320416
vdb-entry, third-party-advisory
vuldb.com /?ctiid.320416
signature, permissions-required, vdb-entry
vuldb.com /?submit.626292
third-party-advisory, vdb-entry

Sources

CVE List CVE-2025-9094
NVD CVE-2025-9094

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

Summary