Rate-limit bypass on login via X-Forwarded-Host header

published 2026-01-05 10 mo ago modified 2026-10-07 33 d ago also EUVD-2025-206238

cvss: 4.3; version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev: Not listed; not in CISA's catalog
epss: 0.3%; EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 23%
public exploits: 0; none known

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. In Coolify vstarting with version 4.0.0-beta.434, the /login endpoint advertises a rate limit of 5 requests but can be trivially bypassed by rotating the X-Forwarded-For header. This enables unlimited credential stuffing and brute-force attempts against user and admin accounts. As of time of publication, it is unclear if a patch is available.

CISA SSVC

Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: partial
Assessed: 10 mo ago (2026-01-05)

Exploit prediction

0.31% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 23% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

github.com https://github.com/coollabsio/coolify/security/advisories/GHSA-688j-rm43-5r8x referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by	version	score	vector
CNA	4.0	5.5	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
CNA	4.0	5.5	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD	3.1	4.3	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Affected products

coollabsio coolify

Classification

Weakness

CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

References

github.com /coollabsio/coolify/security/advisories/GHSA-688j-rm43-5r8x
exploit, vendor-advisory

Sources

CVE List CVE-2025-64422
NVD CVE-2025-64422

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.

Summary