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Fencer Vulns
high 7.8

CVE-2025-61662 json

Grub2: missing unregister call for gettext command may lead to use-after-free

published 2025-11-18 11 mo ago modified 2026-10-18 21 d ago also EUVD-2025-198071

cvss
7.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.2%
EPSS 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 12%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

A Use-After-Free vulnerability has been discovered in GRUB's gettext module. This flaw stems from a programming error where the gettext command remains registered in memory after its module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the orphaned command, causing the application to access a memory location that is no longer valid. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause grub to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Possible data integrity or confidentiality compromise is not discarded.

Patch / fix

  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 412.86.202604010116-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 413.92.202604080111-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 414.92.202605060243-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 415.92.202605060220-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 416.94.202604211449-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 417.94.202605112123-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 418.94.202603181125-0
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 4.19.9.6.202604080618-0
  • grub2 Debian 14 2.14-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-61662

  • grub2 RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-pc RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-tools RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-common RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-efi-x64 RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-ppc64le RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-efi-aa64 RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
  • grub2-tools-efi RHEL 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:5233RHSA-2026:5074RHSA-2026:4998RHSA-2026:4900RHSA-2026:4830RHSA-2026:4822

  • grub2 SLES 16.0, Linux Micro 6.2, SLES for SAP applications 16.0 2.12-160000.3.1
  • grub2 SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP7, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 2.12-150700.19.19.1
  • grub2 SLE Micro 5.4, SLE Micro 5.3 2.06-150400.11.66.1
  • grub2 SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP6, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 2.12-150600.8.44.2
  • grub2 Linux Micro 6.1 2.12-slfo.1.1_3.1
  • grub2 SLE Micro 5.5 2.06-150500.29.59.1
  • grub2 SLE Micro 5.2 2.04-150300.22.61.1
  • grub2 SLES LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 2.02-193.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:21212-1SUSE-SU-2025:21223-1SUSE-SU-2025:4305-1SUSE-SU-2025:4224-1SUSE-SU-2025:4197-1SUSE-SU-2025:4196-1

  • grub2 openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.12-160000.3.1
  • grub2 openSUSE Tumbleweed 2.12-67.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2025:20163-1openSUSE-SU-2025:15749-1

  • grub2-pc AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-tools AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-common AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-efi-x64 AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-ppc64le AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-efi-aa64 AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-tools-efi AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1
  • grub2-pc-modules AlmaLinux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.alma.1

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:4760ALSA-2026:4648ALSA-2026:4649

  • grub2 Rocky Linux 10 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2.rocky.0.1
  • grub2 Rocky Linux 9 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1.rocky.0.1
  • grub2 Rocky Linux 8 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1.rocky.0.1

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:4649RLSA-2026:4760RLSA-2026:4648

  • grub2 CBL-Mariner 2.0 2.06-16
  • grub2 Azure Linux 3.0 2.06-26

azure linux advisories AZL-70520AZL-70565

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-61662 updated cvss 7.8

grub2: Missing unregister call for gettext command may lead to use-after-free

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) grub2 2.02-170.el8_10.1, grub2-pc 2.02-170.el8_10.1, grub2-tools 2.02-170.el8_10.1, grub2-common 2.02-170.el8_10.1, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-170.el8_10.1, grub2-ppc64le 2.02-170.el8_10.1, +13 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4648
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) grub2 2.06-114.el9_7.1, grub2-pc 2.06-114.el9_7.1, grub2-tools 2.06-114.el9_7.1, grub2-common 2.06-114.el9_7.1, grub2-efi-x64 2.06-114.el9_7.1, grub2-ppc64le 2.06-114.el9_7.1, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4760
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) grub2 2.12-29.el10_1.2, grub2-pc 2.12-29.el10_1.2, grub2-tools 2.12-29.el10_1.2, grub2-common 2.12-29.el10_1.2, grub2-efi-x64 2.12-29.el10_1.2, grub2-ppc64le 2.12-29.el10_1.2, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4649
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) grub2 2.02-87.el8_2.14, grub2-pc 2.02-87.el8_2.14, grub2-tools 2.02-87.el8_2.14, grub2-common 2.02-87.el8_2.14, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-87.el8_2.14, grub2-efi-ia32 2.02-87.el8_2.14, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4998
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) grub2 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-pc 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-tools 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-common 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-efi-ia32 2.02-99.el8_4.13, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4830
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) grub2 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-pc 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-tools 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-common 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-efi-ia32 2.02-123.el8_6.19, +10 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) grub2 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-pc 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-tools 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-common 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-ppc64le 2.02-123.el8_6.19, +13 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4654
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) grub2 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-pc 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-tools 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-common 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-ppc64le 2.02-152.el8_8.3, +11 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4653
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) grub2 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-pc 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-tools 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-common 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-efi-x64 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-ppc64le 2.06-27.el9_0.23, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:5074
show 17 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) grub2 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-pc 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-tools 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-common 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-efi-x64 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-ppc64le 2.06-61.el9_2.11, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4900
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v. 10.0) grub2 2.12-15.el10_0.2, grub2-pc 2.12-15.el10_0.2, grub2-tools 2.12-15.el10_0.2, grub2-common 2.12-15.el10_0.2, grub2-efi-x64 2.12-15.el10_0.2, grub2-ppc64le 2.12-15.el10_0.2, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4652
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) grub2 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-pc 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-tools 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-common 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-efi-x64 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-ppc64le 2.06-86.el9_4.4, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4822
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) grub2 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-pc 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-tools 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-common 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-efi-x64 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-ppc64le 2.06-105.el9_6.1, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4823
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) grub2 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-pc 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-tools 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-common 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-99.el8_4.13, grub2-efi-ia32 2.02-99.el8_4.13, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4830
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) grub2 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-pc 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-tools 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-common 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-123.el8_6.19, grub2-efi-ia32 2.02-123.el8_6.19, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4654
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) grub2 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-pc 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-tools 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-common 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-152.el8_8.3, grub2-efi-ia32 2.02-152.el8_8.3, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:4653
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7 ELS) grub2 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-pc 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-ppc64 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-tools 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-common 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-efi-x64 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, +9 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional (v. 7 ELS) grub2-pc-modules 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-ppc-modules 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-ppc64-modules 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-efi-x64-cdboot 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, grub2-efi-x64-modules 2.02-0.87.el7_9.16, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:5233
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 rhcos 412.86.202604010116
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:6492
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 rhcos 413.92.202604080111
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:7239
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 rhcos 414.92.202605060243
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:15087
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 rhcos 415.92.202605060220
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:14773
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 rhcos 416.94.202604211449
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:10097
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 rhcos 417.94.202605112123
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:17596
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18 rhcos 418.94.202603181125
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:5127
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 rhcos 4.19.9.6.202604080618
    fixed: vendor fix “There's no known mitigation available for this vulnerability.” RHSA-2026:7243
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) grub2-debuginfo 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-debugsource 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-emu-debuginfo 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-tools-debuginfo 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-tools-efi-debuginfo 2.06-27.el9_0.23, grub2-tools-extra-debuginfo 2.06-27.el9_0.23, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) grub2-debuginfo 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-debugsource 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-emu-debuginfo 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-tools-debuginfo 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-tools-efi-debuginfo 2.06-61.el9_2.11, grub2-tools-extra-debuginfo 2.06-61.el9_2.11, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) grub2-debuginfo 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-debugsource 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-emu-debuginfo 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-tools-debuginfo 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-tools-extra-debuginfo 2.06-86.el9_4.4, grub2-tools-minimal-debuginfo 2.06-86.el9_4.4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) grub2-debuginfo 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-debugsource 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-emu-debuginfo 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-tools-debuginfo 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-tools-efi-debuginfo 2.06-105.el9_6.1, grub2-tools-extra-debuginfo 2.06-105.el9_6.1, +1 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
11 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.22% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 12% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • GNU grub2
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.18
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19

Classification

Weakness

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.