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Fencer Vulns
high 7.5

CVE-2025-59375 json

libexpat in Expat before 2.7.2 allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a...

published 2025-09-15 13 mo ago modified 2026-10-19 20 d ago also EUVD-2025-29148 , JLSEC-2025-173

cvss
7.5
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
1.4%
EPSS 1.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 72%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

libexpat in Expat before 2.7.2 allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing.

Patch / fix

  • julia Expat_jll 2.7.3+0
  • libexpat project libexpat 2.7.2
  • Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCH328 V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCM324 V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCM328 V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCM332 V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24V DC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 12xFO) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 8xFO) V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) V3.3
  • expat Debian 12 2.5.0-1+deb12u5
  • expat Debian 13 2.8.2-1~deb13u1
  • expat Debian 14 2.7.2-1
  • firefox-esr Debian 12 140.9.0esr-1~deb12u1
  • firefox-esr Debian 13 140.9.0esr-1~deb13u1
  • firefox-esr Debian 14 140.9.0esr-1
  • thunderbird Debian 12 1:140.9.0esr-1~deb12u1
  • thunderbird Debian 13 1:140.9.0esr-1~deb13u1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-59375

  • expat Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 2.6.1-2ubuntu0.5
  • expat Ubuntu 25.10 2.7.1-2ubuntu0.2

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2025-59375

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • python3.12 RHEL 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12-idle RHEL 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12-libs RHEL 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12-test RHEL 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12-tkinter RHEL 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12 RHEL 10.2 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3 RHEL 10.2 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3-idle RHEL 10.2 3.12.13-2.el10_2

red hat advisories RHSA-2026:19177RHSA-2026:19064RHSA-2026:10950RHSA-2026:5396RHSA-2026:3407RHSA-2026:0077

  • expat Linux Micro 6.1 2.8.5-slfo.1.1_1.1
  • expat SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 2.8.5-150700.3.15.1
  • expat Linux Micro 6.0 2.8.5-159998.1.1
  • expat SLES for SAP 15 SP6, SLES for SAP 15 SP5, SLES for SAP 15 SP4 +10 more 2.8.5-150400.3.40.1
  • MozillaThunderbird openSUSE Leap 15.6 140.9.0-150200.8.263.1
  • MozillaFirefox SLES for SAP applications 16.0, SLES 16.0 140.9.0-160000.1.1
  • MozillaFirefox SLES for SAP 15 SP6, SLES for SAP 15 SP5, SLES for SAP 15 SP4 +9 more 140.9.0-150200.152.225.1
  • expat SLES 16.0, Linux Micro 6.2, SLES for SAP applications 16.0 2.7.1-160000.3.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2026:24554-1SUSE-SU-2026:4619-1SUSE-SU-2026:24323-1SUSE-SU-2026:4623-1SUSE-SU-2026:4615-1SUSE-SU-2026:1163-1

  • MozillaFirefox openSUSE Tumbleweed 149.0-1.1
  • MozillaThunderbird openSUSE Tumbleweed 140.9.0-1.1
  • MozillaFirefox openSUSE Leap 16.0 140.9.0-160000.1.1
  • firefox-esr openSUSE Tumbleweed 140.9.0-1.1
  • expat openSUSE Leap 16.0 2.7.1-160000.3.1
  • expat openSUSE Tumbleweed 2.7.2-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:10458-1openSUSE-SU-2026:10447-1openSUSE-SU-2026:20439-1openSUSE-SU-2026:10413-1openSUSE-SU-2025:20055-1openSUSE-SU-2025:15573-1

  • python3 AlmaLinux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3-idle AlmaLinux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3-libs AlmaLinux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3-test AlmaLinux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3-tkinter AlmaLinux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python-unversioned-command AlmaLinux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3.12 AlmaLinux 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12-idle AlmaLinux 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8

almalinux advisories ALSA-2026:19064ALSA-2026:19177ALSA-2026:10950ALSA-2026:3407ALSA-2025:22175ALSA-2025:21974

  • python3.12 Rocky Linux 10 3.12.13-2.el10_2
  • python3.12 Rocky Linux 9 3.12.13-2.el9_8
  • python3.12 Rocky Linux 8 3.12.13-2.el8_10
  • mingw-fontconfig Rocky Linux 8 2.12.6-4.el8_10
  • expat Rocky Linux 9 2.5.0-5.el9_7.1
  • mingw-expat Rocky Linux 8 2.5.0-1.el8_10
  • expat Rocky Linux 8 2.5.0-1.el8_10
  • expat Rocky Linux 10 2.7.1-1.el10_0.3

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2026:19064RLSA-2026:19177RLSA-2026:10950RLSA-2026:3407RLSA-2025:22175RLSA-2025:21974

  • expat Alpine 3.24, Alpine 3.23, Alpine 3.22 +3 more 2.7.2-r0

alpine advisories ALPINE-CVE-2025-59375

Alpine secdb © Alpine Linux, from https://secdb.alpinelinux.org via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • expat CBL-Mariner 2.0, Azure Linux 3.0 2.6.4-2

azure linux advisories AZL-67328AZL-67359

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-59375 updated cvss 5.3

firefox: thunderbird: expat: libexpat in Expat allows attackers to trigger large dynamic memory allocations via a small document that is submitted for parsing

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 firefox, thunderbird Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 firefox, firefox-x11, thunderbird Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 firefox, thunderbird
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.7 advanced-cluster-security
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:23248
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.8 advanced-cluster-security
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:23550
  • Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 rhaiis 1772160593, rhaiis 1772160625, rhaiis 3.2.2-1764871796, rhaiis 3.2.2-1765379049, rhaiis 3.2.2-1765379088, rhaiis 3.2.5-1765361180, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:23080
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 8 rhceph, rhceph 1769512383
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:1652
  • Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery 1767888970, discovery 1767904573
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0414
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) python3.12 3.12.13-2.el8_10, python3.12-libs 3.12.13-2.el8_10, python3.12-tkinter 3.12.13-2.el8_10, python3.12-rpm-macros 3.12.13-2.el8_10
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:10950
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) python3.12 3.12.13-2.el9_8, python3.12-libs 3.12.13-2.el9_8, python3.12-tkinter 3.12.13-2.el9_8
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22175
show 28 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 10) python3-tkinter 3.12.13-2.el10_2, python-unversioned-command 3.12.13-2.el10_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:19403
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_2.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_2.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_2.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0078
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_4.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_4.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_4.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0077
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.6) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_6.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_6.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_6.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.6) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_6.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_6.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_6.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0076
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.8) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_8.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_8.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_8.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0001
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.6) expat-devel 2.5.0-5.el9_6.1, expat-debuginfo 2.5.0-5.el9_6.1, expat-debugsource 2.5.0-5.el9_6.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:21773
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_4.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_4.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_4.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0077
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.6) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_6.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_6.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_6.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0076
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.8) spice-client-win 8.10-3.el8_8.1, spice-client-win-x64 8.10-3.el8_8.1, spice-client-win-x86 8.10-3.el8_8.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:0001
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) expat 2.5.0-1.el8_10
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:21776
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) expat 2.5.0-5.el9_7.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22175
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 10) expat 2.7.1-1.el10_0.3, expat 2.7.1-1.el10_1.3, python3 3.12.13-2.el10_2, python3.12 3.12.13-2.el10_2, python3-libs 3.12.13-2.el10_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:19403
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22871
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22785
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_6
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22842
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_8
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22607
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.0) expat 2.2.10-12.el9_0.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22035
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) expat 2.5.0-1.el9_2.3
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22034
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) expat 2.5.0-2.el9_4.3
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22033
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.6) expat 2.5.0-5.el9_6.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:21773
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.4) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22785
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_6
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22842
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8) expat 2.2.10-1.el8_8
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:22607
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) python3.12 3.12.13-2.el9_8, python3.12-idle 3.12.13-2.el9_8, python3.12-test 3.12.13-2.el9_8, python3.12-tkinter 3.12.13-2.el9_8
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:19177
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 10) python3-idle 3.12.13-2.el10_2, python3-test 3.12.13-2.el10_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:19064
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) mingw-expat 2.5.0-1.el8_10, python3.12 3.12.13-2.el8_10, mingw32-expat 2.5.0-1.el8_10, mingw64-expat 2.5.0-1.el8_10, mingw-fontconfig 2.12.6-4.el8_10, python3.12-idle 3.12.13-2.el8_10, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:10950
  • Red Hat Hardened Images expat 2.7.5-1.hum1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:5396
  • Red Hat JBoss Core Services 2.4.62.SP2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:19020

13 more fixed, 22 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

cisa ICSA-26-062-03 updated cvss 7.5

Hitachi Energy RTU500 Product (Update A)

  • Hitachi Energy RTU500 series CMU Firmware vers:RTU500_series_CMU_Firmware/>=12.7.1, <=12.7.7, vers:RTU500_series_CMU_Firmware/>=13.5.1, <=13.5.4, vers:RTU500_series_CMU_Firmware/>=13.6.1, <=13.6.2, vers:RTU500_series_CMU_Firmware/>=13.7.1, <=13.7.7
    affected: vendor fix, mitigation

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

cisa ICSA-26-279-05 updated cvss 6.5

Hitachi Energy REB500

  • Hitachi Energy REB500 <= 8.3.3.1
    affected: fixed in 8.3.4.0

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

cisa ICSA-26-155-02 updated cvss 7.5

Hitachi Energy ITT600 Explorer

  • Hitachi Energy ITT600 Explorer vers:ITT600_Explorer/<=2.1_SP6
    affected: fixed in 2.1

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

cisa ICSA-25-162-05 updated cvss 7.5

Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU family

  • Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0) >= 3.1.5 Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0) >= 3.1.5
    affected: mitigation, no fix available

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

cisa ICSA-26-043-06 updated cvss 7.5

Siemens SINEC OS

  • Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P (6GK6242-6PA00) < 3.3
    affected: fixed in V3.3 support.industry.siemens.com
  • Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family < 3.3
    affected: fixed in V3.3
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCH328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2EC2) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XCM324 (6GK5324-8TS01-2AC2) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XCM328 (6GK5328-4TS01-2AC2) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XCM332 (6GK5332-0GA01-2AC2) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) (6GK5334-2TS01-2ER3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-4AR3) < 3.3
    +8 more products
    Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-4AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-4AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-2AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-2AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24V DC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-2AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) (6GK5334-2TS01-3AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) (6GK5334-3TS01-3AR3) < 3.3 Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) (6GK5334-5TS01-3AR3) < 3.3
    affected: fixed in V3.3 support.industry.siemens.com

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
13 mo ago

Exploit prediction

1.38% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 72% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • github.com https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/issues/1018 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified
  • issues.oss-fuzz.com https://issues.oss-fuzz.com/issues/439133977 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:H/RL:T/RC:C
CNA 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
OSV 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
julia Expat_jll
<2.7.3+0
2.7.3+0

Affected products

  • libexpat project libexpat
  • Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P
  • Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCH328
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCM324
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCM328
  • Siemens SCALANCE XCM332
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24V DC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 12xFO)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 8xFO)
  • Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+)
  • Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP
  • Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP
  • Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.