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Fencer Vulns
high 8.8

CVE-2025-59144 json

debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover

published 2025-09-15 13 mo ago modified 2026-10-19 20 d ago also EUVD-2025-29226 , GHSA-4x49-vf9v-38px , GHSA-8mgj-vmr8-frr6

cvss
8.8
version 4.0, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.5%
EPSS 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 41%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

debug is a JavaScript debugging utility. On 8 September 2025, the npm publishing account for debug was taken over after a phishing attack. Version 4.4.2 was published, functionally identical to the previous patch version, but with a malware payload added attempting to redirect cryptocurrency transactions to the attacker's own addresses from within browser environments. Local environments, server environments, command line applications, etc. are not affected. If the package was used in a browser context (e.g. a direct <script> inclusion, or via a bundling tool such as Babel, Rollup, Vite, Next.js, etc.) there is a chance the malware still exists and such bundles will need to be rebuilt. The malware seemingly only targets cryptocurrency transactions and wallets such as MetaMask. npm removed the offending package from the registry over the course of the day on 8 September, preventing further downloads from npm proper. On 13 September, the package owner published new patch versions to help cache-bust those using private registries who might still have the compromised version cached. Users should upgrade to the latest patch version, completely remove their node_modules directory, clean their package manager's global cache, and rebuild any browser bundles from scratch. Those operating private registries or registry mirrors should purge the offending versions from any caches. This issue has been resolved in 4.4.3.

Patch / fix

  • npm debug 4.4.3
  • debug_project debug 4.4.3

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-59144 updated

debug: debug@4.4.2 contains malware after npm account takeover

  • Red Hat .NET 6.0 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux rh-dotnet60-dotnet, rh-dotnet60-dotnet-host, rh-dotnet60-dotnet-sdk-6.0, rh-dotnet60-dotnet-hostfxr-6.0, rh-dotnet60-dotnet-runtime-6.0, rh-dotnet60-dotnet-templates-6.0, +6 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 dotnet6.0, dotnet-host, dotnet-sdk-6.0, dotnet-hostfxr-6.0, dotnet-runtime-6.0, dotnet-templates-6.0, +6 more
    affected: no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Cryostat 4 io.cryostat-cryostat, cryostat/cryostat-openshift-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Gatekeeper 3 gatekeeper/gatekeeper-rhel9 Red Hat Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift openshift-logging/vector-rhel9, openshift-logging/kibana6-rhel8, openshift-logging/eventrouter-rhel9, openshift-logging/cluster-logging-rhel9-operator, openshift-logging/log-file-metric-exporter-rhel9, openshift-logging/cluster-logging-operator-bundle Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 7 mta/mta-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8 mta/mta-ui-rhel9, mta-static-report-container Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers rhmtc/openshift-migration-ui-rhel8
    +32 more products
    Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Virtualization mtv-candidate/mtv-console-plugin-rhel9, migration-toolkit-virtualization/mtv-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes multicluster-engine/console-mce-rhel8, multicluster-engine/console-mce-rhel9 Red Hat Multicluster Global Hub multicluster-globalhub/multicluster-globalhub-grafana-rhel9 Red Hat Network Observability Operator network-observability/network-observability-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Node HealthCheck Operator workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8, workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel9, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-rhel9-operator, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-operator-bundle, workload-availability/node-healthcheck-must-gather-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-ui-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-api-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-api-rhel9, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8, openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel9, +2 more Red Hat OpenShift Serverless openshift-serverless-1/kn-plugin-func-func-util-rhel8, openshift-serverless-1/kn-backstage-plugins-eventmesh-rhel8, openshift-serverless-1/kn-eventing-integrations-log-sink-rhel8, openshift-serverless-1/kn-eventing-integrations-aws-s3-sink-rhel8, openshift-serverless-1/kn-eventing-integrations-aws-sns-sink-rhel8, openshift-serverless-1/kn-eventing-integrations-aws-sqs-sink-rhel8, +5 more Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel8, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel8 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9, openshift-service-mesh/istio-cni-rhel9, openshift-service-mesh/istio-pilot-rhel9, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel9, openshift-service-mesh/istio-proxyv2-rhel9, openshift-service-mesh/istio-rhel9-operator, +6 more Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 rhacm2/thanos-rhel9, rhacm2/console-rhel9, rhacm2/volsync-rhel9, rhacm2/prometheus-rhel9, rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9, rhacm2/volsync-operator-bundle Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-roxctl-rhel8, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-rhel8-operator, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-collector-rhel8, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-operator-bundle, advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-central-db-rhel8, +2 more Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 org.jolokia-jolokia-parent Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 automation-hub, python-galaxy-ng, automation-gateway, python3x-galaxy-ng, automation-controller, automation-eda-controller, +3 more Red Hat build of Apache Camel - HawtIO 4 io.hawt-project Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 2 io.apicurio-apicurio-registry Red Hat build of OptaPlanner 8 org.optaweb.vehiclerouting-optaweb-vehicle-routing Red Hat Connectivity Link 1 rhcl-1/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9, rhcl-beta/rhcl-console-plugin-rhel9 Red Hat Data Grid 8 org.infinispan-infinispan-console Red Hat Developer Hub 1 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9 Red Hat Directory Server 11 389-ds-base Red Hat Discovery 1 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Discovery 2 discovery/discovery-ui-rhel9 Red Hat Edge Manager preview rhem/flightctl-ui-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-api-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-ui-ocp-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-worker-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-periodic-rhel9, rhem/flightctl-cli-artifacts-rhel9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 firefox Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 npm, pcs, nodejs, firefox, grafana, mozjs60, +22 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 gjs, npm, pcs, nodejs, polkit, firefox, +9 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 gjs, firefox, nodejs22, nodejs24, thunderbird, nodejs-nodemon Red Hat Fuse 7 io.hawt-project, io.apicurio-apicurito, io.hawt-hawtio-online, io.syndesis-syndesis-parent Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 io.hawt-project, org.jboss.hal-hal-parent Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 io.hawt-project, org.jboss.hal-hal-parent, org.keycloak-keycloak-parent, io.smallrye-smallrye-open-api-parent Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack io.hawt-project, org.jboss.hal-hal-parent, org.keycloak-keycloak-parent, io.smallrye-smallrye-open-api-parent
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

13 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
13 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.48% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 41% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 8.8 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:A/U:Red
CNA 4.0 8.8 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm debug
>=4.4.2, <4.4.3
4.4.3

Affected products

  • debug-js debug

Classification

Weakness

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.