CVE-2025-51606 json
hippo4j Includes Hard Coded Secret Key in JWT Creation
published 2025-08-21 14 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also GHSA-48cg-9c55-j2q7 , EUVD-2025-25521
- cvss
- 8.8
- version 3.1, CNA
- cisa kev
- Not listed
- not in CISA's catalog
- epss
- 0.4%
- EPSS 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 29%
- public exploits
- 0
- none known
Summary
hippo4j 1.0.0 to 1.5.0, uses a hard-coded secret key in its JWT (JSON Web Token) creation. This allows attackers with access to the source code or compiled binary to forge valid access tokens and impersonate any user, including privileged ones such as "admin". The vulnerability poses a critical security risk in systems where authentication and authorization rely on the integrity of JWTs.
CISA SSVC
- Exploitation
- Proof of concept is public
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
- Assessed
- 14 mo ago
Exploit prediction
0.35% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 29% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).
CVSS scores
| assigned by | version | score | vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CISA ADP | 3.1 | 8.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| CNA | 3.1 | 8.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| GitHub | 3.1 | 8.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Affected packages
| ecosystem | package | affected | fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| maven | cn.hippo4j:hippo4j-core | >=1.0.0, <=1.5.0 |
no fix listed |
Classification
- Weakness
-
- CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials
References
Sources
- CVE List CVE-2025-51606
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-48cg-9c55-j2q7
- NVD CVE-2025-51606
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