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Fencer Vulns
high 8.1

CVE-2025-48936 json

ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection

published 2025-05-28 17 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2025-16467 , GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xf , GO-2025-3721

cvss
8.1
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.4%
EPSS 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 35%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

Patch / fix

  • go github.com/zitadel/zitadel 0.0.0-20250528081227-c097887bc5f6
  • go github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2 2.70.12, 2.71.11, 3.2.2
  • zitadel zitadel 2.70.12, 2.71.11, 3.2.2

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
17 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.41% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 35% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
GitHub 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
NVD 3.1 8.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
go github.com/zitadel/zitadel
<0.0.0-20250528081227-c097887bc5f6
0.0.0-20250528081227-c097887bc5f6
go github.com/zitadel/zitadel/v2
>=2.38.3, <2.70.12
>=3.0.0-rc1, <3.2.2
>=2.71.0, <2.71.11
all versions
2.70.12
3.2.2
2.71.11

Affected products

  • zitadel zitadel

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
  • CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.