Markdown math block sanitization bypass allows privilege escalation and unauthorized workflow triggers

published 2025-04-17 18 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2025-11795

cvss: 7.6; version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev: Not listed; not in CISA's catalog
epss: 0.3%; EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 23%
public exploits: 0; none known

An improper neutralization of input vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed cross-site scripting in GitHub Markdown that used `$$..$$` math blocks. Exploitation required access to the target GitHub Enterprise Server instance and privileged user interaction with the malicious elements. This vulnerability affected version 3.16.1 of GitHub Enterprise Server and was fixed in version 3.16.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.

Patch / fix

fixed in 1

GitHub GitHub Enterprise Server 3.16.2

CISA SSVC

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial
Assessed: 18 mo ago (2025-04-18)

Exploit prediction

0.30% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 23% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by	version	score	vector
CNA	4.0	8.6	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N
CNA	4.0	8.6	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD	3.1	7.6	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N

Affected products

GitHub GitHub Enterprise Server

Classification

Weakness

CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation

References

docs.github.com /en/enterprise-server@3.16/admin/release-notes#3.16.2
release-notes

Sources

CVE List CVE-2025-3246
NVD CVE-2025-3246

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.

Summary