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Fencer Vulns
critical 10.0

CVE-2025-31324 kev+ ransomware in the critical feed json

Missing Authorization check in SAP NetWeaver (Visual Composer development server)

published 2025-04-24 18 mo ago modified 2026-08-04 3 mo ago also EUVD-2025-11987

cvss
10.0
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Exploited
added 2025-04-29, used in ransomware
epss
99.5%
EPSS 99.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 99.9%
public exploits
0
none known, plus a Nuclei check

Summary

SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader is not protected with a proper authorization, allowing unauthenticated agent to upload potentially malicious executable binaries that could severely harm the host system. This could significantly affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted system.

Patch / fix

cisa required action Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Timeline

  1. CISA SSVC: exploitation active
  2. Published
  3. Added to CISA KEV
  4. CISA patch deadline

Known exploited

Added
18 mo ago
Patch by
2025-05-20 (17 mo ago)
Ransomware
Known to be used in ransomware campaigns
Required action
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Vendor, product
SAP, NetWeaver
CISA name
SAP NetWeaver Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability

Ransomware

Groups reported to have exploited it in intrusions.

  • Bianlian ransomware gang
  • RansomEXX ransomware gang

reported by reliaquest.com

Ransomware Vulnerability Matrix by BushidoUK (github.com/BushidoUK/Ransomware-Vulnerability-Matrix), reformatted per CVE. CC BY 4.0

ATT&CK techniques

How it is exploited and what it leads to, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.

  • T1055 Process Injection exploitation
  • T1505.003 Web Shell exploitation
  • T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter primary impact
  • T1602 Data from Configuration Repository secondary impact

kev release 2025-07-28, att&ck v16.1. KEV to ATT&CK mappings by the MITRE Center for Threat-Informed Defense (Mappings Explorer, Apache-2.0). © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. Terms of use

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Active, exploited in the wild
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total
Assessed
18 mo ago

Exploit prediction

99.49% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • Nuclei template SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader - Deserialization nuclei detection template

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 10.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • SAP_SE SAP NetWeaver (Visual Composer development server)

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.