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Fencer Vulns
critical 9.1

CVE-2025-27407 json

Remote code execution when loading a crafted GraphQL schema

published 2025-03-12 19 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492 , EUVD-2025-7224

cvss
9.1
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
3.1%
EPSS 3.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 87%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

graphql-ruby is a Ruby implementation of GraphQL. Starting in version 1.11.5 and prior to versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21, loading a malicious schema definition in `GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection` (or `GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load`) can result in remote code execution. Any system which loads a schema by JSON from an untrusted source is vulnerable, including those that use GraphQL::Client to load external schemas via GraphQL introspection. Versions 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, and 2.3.21 contain a patch for the issue.

Patch / fix

  • rubygems graphql 1.11.11, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.15, 2.2.17, 2.3.21, 2.4.13
  • ruby-graphql Debian 14, Debian 13 2.2.17-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-27407

  • rubygem-rack satellite capsule 6.17, satellite capsule 6.16, satellite 6.17 +1 more 2.2.13-1.el9sat
  • python-django satellite capsule 6.17, satellite 6.17 4.2.19-1.el9pc
  • python-jinja2 satellite capsule 6.17, satellite 6.17 3.1.5-1.el9pc
  • rubygem-graphql satellite 6.17, satellite 6.16 1.13.24-1.el9sat
  • python3.11-django satellite capsule 6.17, satellite 6.17 4.2.19-1.el9pc
  • python3.11-jinja2 satellite capsule 6.17, satellite 6.17 3.1.5-1.el9pc
  • rubygem-rack satellite capsule 6.16, satellite capsule 6.15, satellite capsule 6.14 +3 more 2.2.13-1.el8sat
  • python-jinja2 satellite capsule 6.15, satellite 6.15 3.1.5-1.el8pc

red hat advisories RHSA-2025:4576RHSA-2025:3491RHSA-2025:3492RHSA-2025:3490

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-27407 updated cvss 8.5

graphql-ruby: Remote code execution when loading a crafted GraphQL schema

  • Red Hat Satellite 6.14 for RHEL 8 rubygem-graphql 1.13.24-1.el8sat
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:3492
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.15 for RHEL 8 rubygem-graphql 1.13.24-1.el8sat
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:3491
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 rubygem-graphql 1.13.24-1.el8sat Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 rubygem-graphql 1.13.24-1.el9sat
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:3490
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 rubygem-graphql 1.13.24-1.el9sat
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:4576
  • Red Hat Satellite 6.14 for RHEL 8 satellite 6.14.4.5-1.el8sat, rubygem-rack 2.2.13-1.el8sat, satellite-cli 6.14.4.5-1.el8sat, satellite-common 6.14.4.5-1.el8sat, satellite-capsule 6.14.4.5-1.el8sat Red Hat Satellite 6.15 for RHEL 8 python-jinja2 3.1.5-1.el8pc, satellite 6.15.5.2-1.el8sat, rubygem-rack 2.2.13-1.el8sat, python-pulpcore 3.39.25-1.el8pc, python3.11-jinja2 3.1.5-1.el8pc, satellite-cli 6.15.5.2-1.el8sat, +4 more Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 8 foreman 3.12.0.7-1.el8sat, satellite 6.16.4-1.el8sat, rubygem-rack 2.2.13-1.el8sat, foreman-cli 3.12.0.7-1.el8sat, foreman-ec2 3.12.0.7-1.el8sat, foreman-pcp 3.12.0.7-1.el8sat, +20 more Red Hat Satellite 6.16 for RHEL 9 foreman 3.12.0.7-1.el9sat, satellite 6.16.4-1.el9sat, rubygem-rack 2.2.13-1.el9sat, foreman-cli 3.12.0.7-1.el9sat, foreman-ec2 3.12.0.7-1.el9sat, foreman-pcp 3.12.0.7-1.el9sat, +20 more Red Hat Satellite 6.17 for RHEL 9 cjson 1.7.17-1.el9sat, katello 4.16.0-1.el9sat, libcomps 0.1.21-1.el9pc, python-jq 1.8.0-1.el9pc, python-idna 3.10-1.el9pc, python-pbr 6.1.0-1.el9pc, +673 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
19 mo ago

Exploit prediction

3.10% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 87% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
GitHub 3.1 9.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
rubygems graphql
>=2.4.0, <2.4.13
>=2.3.0, <2.3.21
>=2.2.0, <2.2.17
>=2.1.0, <2.1.15
>=2.0.0, <2.0.32
>=1.13.0, <1.13.24
>=1.12.0, <1.12.25
>=1.11.5, <1.11.11
2.4.13
2.3.21
2.2.17
2.1.15
2.0.32
1.13.24
1.12.25
1.11.11

Affected products

  • rmosolgo graphql-ruby

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.