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Fencer Vulns
medium 6.5

CVE-2025-25184 json

Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger

published 2025-02-12 20 mo ago modified 2026-09-10 1 mo ago also EUVD-2025-4075 , GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg

cvss
6.5
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
1.2%
EPSS 1.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 68%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.

Patch / fix

  • rubygems rack 2.2.11, 3.0.12, 3.1.10
  • rack rack 2.2.11, 3.0.12, 3.1.10
  • rack_project rack 2.2.11, 3.0.12, 3.1.10
  • ruby-rack Debian 12 2.2.13-1~deb12u1
  • ruby-rack Debian 14, Debian 13 3.1.12-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-25184

  • ruby-rack Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 2.2.7-1ubuntu0.2
  • ruby-rack Ubuntu 26.04 LTS, Ubuntu 25.10 3.1.16-0.1
  • ruby-rack Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS 1.5.2-3+deb8u3ubuntu1~esm9
  • ruby-rack Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS 1.6.4-3ubuntu0.2+esm7
  • ruby-rack Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS 1.6.4-4ubuntu0.2+esm7
  • ruby-rack Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS 2.0.7-2ubuntu0.1+esm6
  • ruby-rack Ubuntu Pro 22.04 LTS 2.1.4-5ubuntu1.1+esm1

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2025-25184

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • pcs RHEL 9 0.11.9-2.el9
  • pcs-snmp RHEL 9 0.11.9-2.el9

red hat advisories RHSA-2025:7085

  • rubygem-rack SLE High Availability Extension 15 SP6, SLE High Availability Extension 15 SP5, SLE High Availability Extension 15 SP4 +2 more 2.0.8-150000.3.26.1
  • rubygem-rack-1_6 openSUSE Leap 15.6 1.6.8-150000.3.3.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:0874-1SUSE-SU-2025:0858-1

  • rubygem-rack openSUSE Tumbleweed 3.1.18-1.3
  • rubygem-rack-2.2 openSUSE Tumbleweed 2.2.22-1.1
  • rubygem-rack openSUSE Tumbleweed 3.1.12-1.1
  • rubygem-rack-2.2 openSUSE Tumbleweed 2.2.11-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2026:10358-1openSUSE-SU-2026:10286-1openSUSE-SU-2025:14875-1openSUSE-SU-2025:14811-1

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-25184 updated cvss 6.5

rubygem-rack: Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger

  • Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 3scale-amp2/zync-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 pcs, pcs-snmp, python-clufter Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 pcs, pcs-snmp
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 rhel9/ruby-30, rhel9/ruby-31, rhel9/ruby-33
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat Satellite 6 rubygem-rack
    affected: workaround, no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Storage 3 rubygem-rack
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux High Availability (v. 9) pcs 0.11.9-2.el9, pcs-snmp 0.11.9-2.el9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Resilient Storage (v. 9) pcs 0.11.9-2.el9, pcs-snmp 0.11.9-2.el9
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:7085
  • Red Hat RHOL 5.9 for RHEL 9 openshift-logging/fluentd-rhel9 v5.9.12-3, openshift-logging/vector-rhel9 v0.34.1-33, openshift-logging/eventrouter-rhel9 v0.4.0-341, openshift-logging/logging-loki-rhel9 v3.3.2-16, openshift-logging/loki-rhel9-operator v5.9.12-4, openshift-logging/opa-openshift-rhel9 v0.1.0-351, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:1985
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 pcs
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
20 mo ago

Exploit prediction

1.19% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 68% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • github.com https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-7g2v-jj9q-g3rg referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 5.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
GitHub 3.1 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CNA 4.0 5.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD 3.1 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
rubygems rack
<2.2.11
>=3.0, <3.0.12
>=3.1, <3.1.10
2.2.11
3.0.12
3.1.10

Affected products

  • rack rack

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-93 Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
  • CWE-117 Improper Output Neutralization for Logs

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.