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Fencer Vulns
critical 9.3

CVE-2025-22224 kev in the critical feed json

VMware ESXi, and Workstation contain a TOCTOU (Time-of-Check Time-of-Use) vulnerability that leads to an out-of-bounds write.

published 2025-03-04 20 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2025-7603

cvss
9.3
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Exploited
added 2025-03-04
epss
1.6%
EPSS 1.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 75%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

VMware ESXi, and Workstation contain a TOCTOU (Time-of-Check Time-of-Use) vulnerability that leads to an out-of-bounds write. A malicious actor with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine may exploit this issue to execute code as the virtual machine's VMX process running on the host.

Patch / fix

cisa required action Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

  • VMware ESXi ESXi70U3s-24585291, ESXi80U2d-24585300, ESXi80U3d-24585383
  • VMware Workstation 17.6.3

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

cisa ICSA-25-077-02 updated cvss 9.3

Rockwell Automation Lifecycle Services with VMware

  • Rockwell Automation Endpoint Protection Service with RA Proxy & VMware only Rockwell Automation Engineered and Integrated Solutions with VMware Rockwell Automation Industrial Data Center (IDC) with VMware >=Generations_1, <=4 Rockwell Automation Threat Detection Managed Services (TDMS) with VMware Rockwell Automation VersaVirtual Appliance (VVA) with VMware Series_A_and_B
    affected: mitigation “Rockwell Automation will contact impacted users to discuss actions needed for remediation efforts.” support.broadcom.com

From CISA ICS and IT advisories (CSAF, https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF), a U.S. Government work; changed: reduced to products, statuses and remediations. CISA notification · csaf

Timeline

  1. Added to CISA KEV
  2. Published
  3. CISA SSVC: exploitation active
  4. CISA patch deadline

Known exploited

Added
20 mo ago
Patch by
2025-03-25 (19 mo ago)
Ransomware
Not known
Required action
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Vendor, product
VMware, ESXi and Workstation
CISA name
VMware ESXi and Workstation TOCTOU Race Condition Vulnerability

ATT&CK techniques

How it is exploited and what it leads to, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.

  • T1055 Process Injection exploitation
  • T1611 Escape to Host primary impact

kev release 2025-07-28, att&ck v16.1. KEV to ATT&CK mappings by the MITRE Center for Threat-Informed Defense (Mappings Explorer, Apache-2.0). © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. Terms of use

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Active, exploited in the wild
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
20 mo ago

Exploit prediction

1.56% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 75% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 9.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 8.2 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • VMware ESXi
  • VMware Workstation
  • VMware VMware Cloud Foundation
  • VMware Telco Cloud Platform
  • VMware Telco Cloud Infrastructure

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-367 Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.