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Fencer Vulns
high 7.8

CVE-2025-22126 json

md: fix mddev uaf while iterating all_mddevs list

published 2025-04-16 18 mo ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2025-11165

cvss
7.8
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.2%
EPSS 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 9%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

md: fix mddev uaf while iterating all_mddevs list

While iterating all_mddevs list from md_notify_reboot() and md_exit(), list_for_each_entry_safe is used, and this can race with deletint the next mddev, causing UAF:

t1: spin_lock //list_for_each_entry_safe(mddev, n, ...) mddev_get(mddev1) // assume mddev2 is the next entry spin_unlock t2: //remove mddev2 ... mddev_free spin_lock list_del spin_unlock kfree(mddev2) mddev_put(mddev1) spin_lock //continue dereference mddev2->all_mddevs

The old helper for_each_mddev() actually grab the reference of mddev2 while holding the lock, to prevent from being freed. This problem can be fixed the same way, however, the code will be complex.

Hence switch to use list_for_each_entry, in this case mddev_put() can free the mddev1 and it's not safe as well. Refer to md_seq_show(), also factor out a helper mddev_put_locked() to fix this problem.

Patch / fix

  • Linux Linux 6.1.135, 6.6.88, 6.12.25, 6.14.2, 6.15
  • linux Debian 12 6.1.135-1
  • linux Debian 14, Debian 13 6.12.22-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-22126

  • linux Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-100.100
  • linux-aws Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1046.49
  • linux-gcp Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1047.50
  • linux-gke Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1043.48
  • linux-ibm Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1044.44
  • linux-azure Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1046.52
  • linux-gkeop Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1030.33
  • linux-raspi Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1047.51

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2025-22126

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • kernel RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • rv RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • perf RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • rtla RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • libperf RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • kernel-rt RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • kernel-64k RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • kernel-core RHEL 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6

red hat advisories RHSA-2025:10701RHSA-2025:10547RHSA-2025:10536RHSA-2025:9080

  • dtb-aarch64 openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-64kb SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-syms SLE Module for Development Tools 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-obs-qa openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-source SLE Module for Development Tools 15 SP6, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-default SLE Workstation Extension 15 SP6, SLE Module for Legacy 15 SP6, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 +3 more 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-kvmsmall openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1
  • kernel-zfcpdump SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP6, openSUSE Leap 15.6 6.4.0-150600.23.53.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:02000-1SUSE-SU-2025:01972-1SUSE-SU-2025:20413-1SUSE-SU-2025:01967-1SUSE-SU-2025:01965-1SUSE-SU-2025:01964-1

  • kernel AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • rv AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • perf AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • rtla AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • libperf AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • kernel-rt AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • kernel-64k AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6
  • kernel-core AlmaLinux 9 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6

almalinux advisories ALSA-2025:9080

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-22126 updated cvss 7.0

kernel: md: fix mddev uaf while iterating all_mddevs list

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 perf, kernel, python-perf, kernel-kdump, kernel-firmware, kernel-bootwrapper, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 perf, kernel, bpftool, kernel-rt, python-perf, kernel-kdump, +8 more
    affected: no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 kernel-rt, kernel-rt-kvm, kernel-rt-core, kernel-rt-modules, kernel-rt-debug-kvm, kernel-rt-debug-core, +12 more
    affected: no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.4) libperf 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10701
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) rv 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, perf 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, rtla 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, python3-perf 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, +7 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:9080
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.9.2) perf 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, rtla 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, +5 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10547
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.4) rv 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, perf 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, rtla 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10701
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) kernel 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-64k 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-tools 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-modules 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-64k-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, +27 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:9080
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.9.2) bpftool 7.0.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-64k 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-core 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, kernel-tools 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, python3-perf 5.14.0-284.122.1.el9_2, +28 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10547
show 8 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.4) bpftool 7.3.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-64k 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-core 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-tools 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, python3-perf 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, +28 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10701
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) libperf 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-64k-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, +14 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:9080
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules-core 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10536
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-modules-core 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10701
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-570.22.1.el9_6, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:9080
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2) kernel-rt 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-284.122.1.rt14.407.el9_2, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10536
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.4) kernel-rt 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-427.76.1.el9_4, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:10701
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 perf, kernel, bpftool, kernel-rt, kernel-core, kernel-tools, +29 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 kernel
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Exploit prediction

0.20% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 9% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
NVD 3.1 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • Linux Linux

Classification

Weakness
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.