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Fencer Vulns
high 7.8

CVE-2025-22045 json

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs

published 2025-04-16 18 mo ago modified 2026-10-15 24 d ago also EUVD-2025-11250

cvss
7.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.2%
EPSS 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 15%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs

On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to page table:

collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range

The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the same way.

Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes, which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact:

- In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks. - In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff.

The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which is currently under review (see <https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241230175550.4046587-13-riel@surriel.com/>) would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.

Patch / fix

  • Linux Linux 5.4.292, 5.10.236, 5.15.180, 6.1.134, 6.6.87, 6.12.23, 6.13.11, 6.14.2, 6.15
  • linux Debian 12 6.1.135-1
  • linux Debian 14, Debian 13 6.12.25-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2025-22045

  • linux Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-142.152
  • linux Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-86.87
  • linux-aws Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1086.93
  • linux-aws Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1041.43
  • linux-gcp Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1085.94
  • linux-gcp Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1042.45
  • linux-gke Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1083.89
  • linux-gke Ubuntu 24.04 LTS 6.8.0-1038.43

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2025-22045

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • kernel RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • perf RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • bpftool RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-core RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-tools RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • python3-perf RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-modules RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-zfcpdump RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10

red hat advisories RHSA-2025:19102

  • kernel-rt SLE Micro 5.2, SLE Micro 5.1 5.3.18-150300.220.1
  • kernel-source-rt SLE Micro 5.2, SLE Micro 5.1 5.3.18-150300.220.1
  • kernel-64kb SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS, Enterprise Storage 7.1 5.3.18-150300.59.218.1
  • kernel-syms SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.218.1
  • kernel-source SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.218.1
  • kernel-default SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE Micro 5.2 +5 more 5.3.18-150300.59.218.1
  • kernel-preempt SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.218.1
  • kernel-obs-build SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.218.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:03384-1SUSE-SU-2025:03310-1SUSE-SU-2025:01967-1SUSE-SU-2025:01964-1SUSE-SU-2025:01951-1SUSE-SU-2025:01919-1

  • kernel AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • perf AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • bpftool AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-core AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-tools AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • python3-perf AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-modules AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
  • kernel-zfcpdump AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10

almalinux advisories ALSA-2025:19102

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-22045 updated cvss 3.3

kernel: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 kernel-rt, kernel-rt-kvm, kernel-rt-core, kernel-rt-modules, kernel-rt-debug-kvm, kernel-rt-debug-core, +6 more
    affected: no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 rv, perf, rtla, kernel, bpftool, libperf, +83 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 kernel
    affected: no fix available “Fix deferred”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) perf 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, bpftool 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel-core 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel-tools 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, python3-perf 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, +15 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_10
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:19102
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 perf, kernel, python-perf, kernel-kdump, kernel-firmware, kernel-bootwrapper, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 perf, kernel, bpftool, kernel-rt, python-perf, kernel-kdump, +8 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
24 d ago

Exploit prediction

0.24% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 15% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 5.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected products

  • Linux Linux

Classification

Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.