Skip to content
Fencer Vulns
medium 6.8

CVE-2025-1686 json

Pebble has Arbitrary Local File Inclusion (LFI) Vulnerability via `include` macro

published 2025-02-27 20 mo ago modified 2026-09-10 1 mo ago also GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx , EUVD-2025-5321

cvss
6.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.8%
EPSS 0.8% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 58%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

Patch / fix

  • n/a io.pebbletemplates:pebble 4.1.0

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-1686 updated cvss 6.8

io.pebbletemplates:pebble: Path Traversal Vulnerability in Pebble Templates

  • Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 pebble
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 pebble Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 pebble Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack pebble
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
20 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.85% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 58% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • security.snyk.io https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 6.1 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
CNA 3.1 6.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:P
CNA 4.0 4.8 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
CNA 3.1 6.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
NVD 3.1 4.9 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
GitHub 3.1 6.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
maven io.pebbletemplates:pebble
<=3.2.3
 no fix listed

Affected products

  • n/a io.pebbletemplates:pebble

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.