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Fencer Vulns
critical 9.8

CVE-2025-1550 json

Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading

published 2025-03-11 19 mo ago modified 2026-09-10 1 mo ago also GHSA-48g7-3x6r-xfhp , PYSEC-2025-122 , EUVD-2025-7406

cvss
9.8
version 3.1, NVD
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
2.6%
EPSS 2.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 85%
public exploits
1
Exploit-DB

Summary

The Keras Model.load_model function permits arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True, through a manually constructed, malicious .keras archive. By altering the config.json file within the archive, an attacker can specify arbitrary Python modules and functions, along with their arguments, to be loaded and executed during model loading.

Patch / fix

  • pypi keras 3.8.0, 3.9.0
  • Google Keras 3.8.0
  • keras Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.3-2

azure linux advisories AZL-58360

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-1550 updated cvss 8.2

keras: Arbitrary Code Execution via Crafted Keras Config for Model Loading

  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-ml-pipelines-driver-rhel8, rhoai/odh-ml-pipelines-launcher-rhel8, rhoai/odh-modelmesh-runtime-adapter-rhel8, rhoai/odh-ml-pipelines-api-server-v2-rhel8, rhoai/odh-ml-pipelines-persistenceagent-v2-rhel8, rhoai/odh-ml-pipelines-scheduledworkflow-v2-rhel8
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. First public exploit (EDB-52359)

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Proof of concept is public
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
15 mo ago

Exploit prediction

2.60% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 85% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • EDB-52359 Keras 2.15 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) remote, 2025-07-16
  • towerofhanoi.it https://towerofhanoi.it/writeups/cve-2025-1550/ referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 4.0 7.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
CNA 4.0 7.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
NVD 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
OSV 3.1 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
pypi keras
>=3.0.0, <3.9.0
>=3.0.0, <3.8.0
3.9.0
3.8.0

Affected products

  • Google Keras

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.