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Fencer Vulns
high 7.8

CVE-2025-14921 json

Hugging Face Transformers Transformer-XL Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

published 2025-12-23 10 mo ago modified 2026-10-19 20 d ago also PYSEC-2025-212 , EUVD-2025-204824

cvss
7.8
version 3.0, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.3%
EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 26%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Hugging Face Transformers Transformer-XL Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face Transformers. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of model files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization of untrusted data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25424.

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2025-14921 updated cvss 8.8

transformers: code execution when processing a malicious Transformer-XL model file

  • Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-service-api-rhel9, openshift-lightspeed-tech-preview/lightspeed-rag-tool-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat AI Inference Server rhaiis/vllm-tpu-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9, rhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9, rhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9, rhaiis-preview/vllm-cuda-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 ansible-automation-platform-25/lightspeed-chatbot-rhel8, ansible-automation-platform-26/lightspeed-chatbot-rhel9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) rhelai1/bootc-amd-rhel9, rhelai1/bootc-intel-rhel9, rhelai1/bootc-nvidia-rhel9, rhelai1/bootc-azure-amd-rhel9, rhelai1/instructlab-amd-rhel9, rhelai1/bootc-aws-nvidia-rhel9, +4 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3 rhelai3/bootc-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-aws-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-gcp-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/disk-image-cuda-rhel9, rhelai3/bootc-azure-cuda-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-ta-lmes-job-rhel9, rhoai/odh-built-in-detector-rhel9, rhoai/odh-guardrails-detector-huggingface-runtime-rhel9
    affected: workaround, no fix available, no fix planned “Will not fix”
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 rhoai 1772093250, rhoai/odh-vllm-cpu-rhel9 1792018436, rhoai/odh-vllm-cuda-rhel9 1783998774
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:3782
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 rhoai 1770754585, rhoai 1770754605, rhoai 1770754646, rhoai 1770956034, rhoai 1771391379, rhoai 1771415661, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2026:3713
  • Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed openshift-lightspeed/lightspeed-ocp-rag-rhel9
    not affected: component not present
  • Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 ansible-automation-platform/ee-minimal-rhel8, ansible-automation-platform/ee-minimal-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-24/de-minimal-rhel8, ansible-automation-platform-24/de-minimal-rhel9, ansible-automation-platform-24/ee-minimal-rhel8, ansible-automation-platform-24/ee-minimal-rhel9, +21 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present
show 2 more
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) rhoai/odh-vllm-rocm-rhel9, rhoai/odh-caikit-nlp-rhel9, rhoai/odh-training-operator-rhel8
    not affected: vulnerable code not in execute path
  • Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 rhoai 1772093237, rhoai 1772093252, rhoai 1772093260, rhoai 1772093266, rhoai 1772093272, rhoai 1772093273, +209 more Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 rhoai 1769162595, rhoai 1769436305, rhoai 1769519975, rhoai 1770277795, rhoai 1770735854, rhoai 1770788873, +57 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
10 mo ago

Exploit prediction

0.33% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 26% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.0 7.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
OSV 3.0 7.8 CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
pypi transformers
<=4.54.1
 no fix listed

Affected products

  • Hugging Face Transformers

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.