Skip to content
Fencer Vulns
medium 4.9

CVE-2024-28176 json

jose vulnerable to resource exhaustion via specifically crafted JWE with compressed plaintext

published 2024-03-07 2 y ago modified 2026-09-10 1 mo ago also EUVD-2024-0938 , GHSA-hhhv-q57g-882q

cvss
4.9
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
2.1%
EPSS 2.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 81%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

jose is JavaScript module for JSON Object Signing and Encryption, providing support for JSON Web Tokens (JWT), JSON Web Signature (JWS), JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Key (JWK), JSON Web Key Set (JWKS), and more. A vulnerability has been identified in the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) decryption interfaces, specifically related to the support for decompressing plaintext after its decryption. Under certain conditions it is possible to have the user's environment consume unreasonable amount of CPU time or memory during JWE Decryption operations. This issue has been patched in versions 2.0.7 and 4.15.5.

Patch / fix

  • npm jose 2.0.7, 4.15.5
  • npm jose-node-cjs-runtime 4.15.5
  • npm jose-node-esm-runtime 4.15.5
  • jose-node-cjs-runtime_project jose-node-cjs-runtime 2.0.7, 4.15.5
  • jose_project jose 2.0.7, 4.15.5
  • jose-node-esm-runtime_project jose-node-esm-runtime 2.0.7, 4.15.5
  • jose RHEL 9 14-1.el9
  • libjose RHEL 9 14-1.el9
  • crit RHEL 8 3.18-5.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b
  • criu RHEL 8 3.18-5.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b
  • crun RHEL 8 1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b
  • runc RHEL 8 1:1.1.12-1.module+el8.10.0+21974+acd2159c
  • udica RHEL 8 0.2.6-21.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b
  • conmon RHEL 8 3:2.1.10-1.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b

red hat advisories RHSA-2024:9181RHSA-2024:3968RHSA-2024:0045RHSA-2024:3827RHSA-2024:3826RHSA-2024:5294

  • jose AlmaLinux 9 14-1.el9
  • libjose AlmaLinux 9 14-1.el9
  • jose AlmaLinux 8 10-2.el8_10.3
  • libjose AlmaLinux 8 10-2.el8_10.3
  • crit AlmaLinux 8 3.18-5.module_el8.10.0+3845+87b84552
  • crit AlmaLinux 8 3.18-5.module_el8.10.0+3858+6ad51f9f
  • criu AlmaLinux 8 3.18-5.module_el8.10.0+3845+87b84552
  • criu AlmaLinux 8 3.18-5.module_el8.10.0+3858+6ad51f9f

almalinux advisories ALSA-2024:9181ALSA-2024:5294ALSA-2024:3968ALSA-2024:3826ALSA-2024:3827

  • jose Rocky Linux 8 10-2.el8_10.3
  • jose Rocky Linux 9 14-1.el9
  • criu Rocky Linux 8 3.18-5.module+el8.10.0+1815+5fe7415e
  • crun Rocky Linux 8 1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+1815+5fe7415e
  • runc Rocky Linux 8 1:1.1.12-1.module+el8.10.0+1815+5fe7415e
  • udica Rocky Linux 8 0.2.6-21.module+el8.10.0+1815+5fe7415e
  • conmon Rocky Linux 8 3:2.1.10-1.module+el8.10.0+1815+5fe7415e
  • podman Rocky Linux 8 4:4.9.4-3.module+el8.10.0+1829+9bb2696f

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2024:5294RLSA-2024:9181RLSA-2024:3968RLSA-2024:3826RLSA-2024:3827

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2024-28176 updated cvss 5.3

jose: resource exhaustion

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 jose, libjose
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.4 for RHEL 8 multicluster-engine/console-mce-rhel8 v2.4.5-25, multicluster-engine/multicluster-engine-console-mce-rhel8 v2.4.5-25
    fixed: vendor fix RHBA-2024:3555
  • Red Hat multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.5 for RHEL 9 multicluster-engine/console-mce-rhel9 v2.5.2-6, multicluster-engine/multicluster-engine-console-mce-rhel9 v2.5.2-6
    fixed: vendor fix RHBA-2024:1775
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.9 for RHEL 8 rhacm2/console-rhel8 v2.9.4-22
    fixed: vendor fix RHBA-2024:3593
  • Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.10 for RHEL 9 rhacm2/console-rhel9 v2.10.1-3
    fixed: vendor fix RHBA-2024:1793
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 5.3 Tools rhceph/rhceph-5-rhel8 5-535, rhceph/keepalived-rhel8 2.1.5-44, rhceph/snmp-notifier-rhel8 1.2.1-88, rhceph/rhceph-5-dashboard-rhel8 5-97, rhceph/rhceph-haproxy-rhel8 2.2.19-45
    fixed: vendor fix RHBA-2025:1479
  • Red Hat Ceph Storage 7.1 Tools rhceph/rhceph-7-rhel9 7-493, rhceph/ceph-nvmeof-cli-rhel9 1.2.19-1, rhceph/grafana-rhel9 10.4.8-1740412443, rhceph/rhceph-promtail-rhel9 v3.0.0-14, rhceph/keepalived-rhel9 2.2.8-1740412056, rhceph/snmp-notifier-rhel9 1.2.1-1740411201, +1 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHBA-2025:1772
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) libjose-devel 14-1.el9, jose-debuginfo 14-1.el9, jose-debugsource 14-1.el9, libjose-debuginfo 14-1.el9
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:9181
show 7 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) jose 10-2.el8_10.3, libjose 10-2.el8_10.3, crit 3.18-5.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b, criu 3.18-5.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b, crun 1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+21962+8143777b, runc 1.1.12-1.module+el8.10.0+21974+acd2159c, +29 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3968
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) jose 14-1.el9, libjose 14-1.el9, podman 4.9.4-4.el9_4, buildah 1.33.7-2.el9_4, podman-tests 4.9.4-4.el9_4, podman-docker 4.9.4-4.el9_4, +3 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3827
  • Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 skopeo 1.14.4-1.rhaos4.16.el8, skopeo 1.14.4-1.rhaos4.16.el9, podman 4.9.4-5.1.rhaos4.16.el8, podman 4.9.4-5.1.rhaos4.16.el9, skopeo-tests 1.14.4-1.rhaos4.16.el8, skopeo-tests 1.14.4-1.rhaos4.16.el9, +12 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:0045
  • Red Hat RHODF 4.16 for RHEL 9 odf4/cephcsi-rhel9 v4.16.0-33, odf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator v4.16.2-2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4591
  • Red Hat RHODF 4.17 for RHEL 9 odf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator v4.17.0-17
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:8676
  • Red Hat RHOSSM 2.6 for RHEL 8 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel8 1.73.9-2, openshift-service-mesh/pilot-rhel8 2.6.0-19, openshift-service-mesh/grafana-rhel8 2.6.0-7, openshift-service-mesh/ratelimit-rhel8 2.6.0-8, openshift-service-mesh/istio-cni-rhel8 2.6.0-21, openshift-service-mesh/kiali-ossmc-rhel8 1.73.10-3, +3 more Red Hat RHOSSM 2.6 for RHEL 9 openshift-service-mesh/proxyv2-rhel9 2.6.0-18
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:5094
  • Red Hat cert-manager Operator for Red Hat OpenShift cert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-rhel9 Red Hat Custom Metric Autoscaler operator for Red Hat Openshift custom-metrics-autoscaler/custom-metrics-autoscaler-rhel8, custom-metrics-autoscaler/custom-metrics-autoscaler-rhel8-operator Red Hat Ironic content for Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 python-pyasn1 0.5.1-3.el9, python3-pyasn1 0.5.1-3.el9, pysnmp-lextudio 5.0.26-2.el9, python-eventlet 0.33.1-6.el9, python-gunicorn 20.0.4-4.el9, python3-eventlet 0.33.1-6.el9, +139 more Red Hat Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift openshift-logging/lokistack-gateway-rhel8 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 6 mta/mta-hub-rhel8, mta/mta-windup-addon-rhel8 Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Containers rhmtc/openshift-velero-plugin-rhel8, rhmtc/openshift-migration-controller-rhel8
    +19 more products
    Red Hat Multicluster Engine for Kubernetes multicluster-engine/agent-service-rhel8, multicluster-engine/hypershift-cli-rhel9, multicluster-engine/assisted-installer-rhel8, multicluster-engine/kube-rbac-proxy-mce-rhel9, multicluster-engine/assisted-installer-agent-rhel8 Red Hat multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.4 for RHEL 8 multicluster-engine/hive-rhel8 v2.4.5-21, multicluster-engine/work-rhel8 v2.4.5-21, multicluster-engine/discovery-rhel8 v2.4.5-22, multicluster-engine/placement-rhel8 v2.4.5-21, multicluster-engine/cluster-api-rhel8 v2.4.5-19, multicluster-engine/must-gather-rhel8 v2.4.5-23, +34 more Red Hat multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.5 for RHEL 8 multicluster-engine/hive-rhel8 v2.5.2-3, multicluster-engine/agent-service-rhel8 v2.5.2-4, multicluster-engine/assisted-installer-rhel8 v2.5.2-2, multicluster-engine/assisted-image-service-rhel8 v2.5.2-2, multicluster-engine/assisted-installer-agent-rhel8 v2.5.2-2, multicluster-engine/assisted-installer-reporter-rhel8 v2.5.2-2 Red Hat multicluster engine for Kubernetes 2.5 for RHEL 9 multicluster-engine/work-rhel9 v2.5.2-2, multicluster-engine/discovery-rhel9 v2.5.2-1, multicluster-engine/placement-rhel9 v2.5.2-2, multicluster-engine/cluster-api-rhel9 v2.5.2-1, multicluster-engine/must-gather-rhel9 v2.5.2-1, multicluster-engine/registration-rhel9 v2.5.2-2, +29 more Red Hat OpenShift API for Data Protection oadp/oadp-velero-rhel8, oadp/oadp-rhel8-operator, oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-rhel8, oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-for-aws-rhel8, oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-for-csi-rhel8, oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-for-gcp-rhel9, +1 more Red Hat OpenShift Developer Tools and Services ocp-tools-4/jenkins-rhel8 Red Hat OpenShift Pipelines openshift-pipelines-client Red Hat OpenShift Serverless openshift-gitops-1/argocd-rhel8 Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 2 openshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel8 Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2 rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel8, rhacm2/observatorium-rhel8, rhacm2/kube-rbac-proxy-rhel9 Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.9 for RHEL 8 rhacm2/thanos-rhel8 v2.9.4-15, rhacm2/memcached-rhel8 v2.9.4-15, rhacm2/prometheus-rhel8 v2.9.4-15, rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel8 v2.9.4-16, rhacm2/acm-operator-bundle v2.9.4-30, rhacm2/acm-search-v2-rhel8 v2.9.4-16, +37 more Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes 2.10 for RHEL 9 rhacm2/thanos-rhel9 v2.10.1-1, rhacm2/memcached-rhel9 v2.10.1-1, rhacm2/prometheus-rhel9 v2.10.1-1, rhacm2/acm-grafana-rhel9 v2.10.1-1, rhacm2/acm-operator-bundle v2.10.1-5, rhacm2/acm-search-v2-rhel9 v2.10.1-2, +37 more Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4 advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 Red Hat Ceph Storage 6 rhceph/rhceph-6-dashboard-rhel9 Red Hat Developer Hub 1 rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 podman Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 conmon, podman, skopeo, buildah, grafana, grafana-loki, +26 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 conmon, skopeo, grafana, skopeo-tests, grafana-selinux, osbuild-composer, +3 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

19 more not affected in the full advisory

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
2 y ago

Exploit prediction

2.10% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 81% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 4.9 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
GitHub 3.1 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
NVD 3.1 5.9 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
npm jose
>=3.0.0, <4.15.5
<2.0.7
4.15.5
2.0.7
npm jose-node-cjs-runtime
<4.15.5
4.15.5
npm jose-node-esm-runtime
<4.15.5
4.15.5

Affected products

  • panva jose

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.