CVE-2024-26852 json
net/ipv6: avoid possible UAF in ip6_route_mpath_notify()
published 2024-04-17 2 y ago modified 2026-10-15 25 d ago also EUVD-2024-24114
- cvss
- 7.8
- version 3.1, CNA
- cisa kev
- Not listed
- not in CISA's catalog
- epss
- 0.3%
- EPSS 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 19%
- public exploits
- 0
- none known
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net/ipv6: avoid possible UAF in ip6_route_mpath_notify()
syzbot found another use-after-free in ip6_route_mpath_notify() [1]
Commit f7225172f25a ("net/ipv6: prevent use after free in ip6_route_mpath_notify") was not able to fix the root cause.
We need to defer the fib6_info_release() calls after ip6_route_mpath_notify(), in the cleanup phase.
[1] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in rt6_fill_node+0x1460/0x1ac0 Read of size 4 at addr ffff88809a07fc64 by task syz-executor.2/23037
CPU: 0 PID: 23037 Comm: syz-executor.2 Not tainted 6.8.0-rc4-syzkaller-01035-gea7f3cfaa588 #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/25/2024 Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x1e7/0x2e0 lib/dump_stack.c:106 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:377 [inline] print_report+0x167/0x540 mm/kasan/report.c:488 kasan_report+0x142/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:601 rt6_fill_node+0x1460/0x1ac0 inet6_rt_notify+0x13b/0x290 net/ipv6/route.c:6184 ip6_route_mpath_notify net/ipv6/route.c:5198 [inline] ip6_route_multipath_add net/ipv6/route.c:5404 [inline] inet6_rtm_newroute+0x1d0f/0x2300 net/ipv6/route.c:5517 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x885/0x1040 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6597 netlink_rcv_skb+0x1e3/0x430 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2543 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1341 [inline] netlink_unicast+0x7ea/0x980 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1367 netlink_sendmsg+0xa3b/0xd70 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1908 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x221/0x270 net/socket.c:745 ____sys_sendmsg+0x525/0x7d0 net/socket.c:2584 ___sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2638 [inline] __sys_sendmsg+0x2b0/0x3a0 net/socket.c:2667 do_syscall_64+0xf9/0x240 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6f/0x77 RIP: 0033:0x7f73dd87dda9 Code: 28 00 00 00 75 05 48 83 c4 28 c3 e8 e1 20 00 00 90 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 b0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f73de6550c8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f73dd9ac050 RCX: 00007f73dd87dda9 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000020000140 RDI: 0000000000000005 RBP: 00007f73dd8ca47a R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 000000000000006e R14: 00007f73dd9ac050 R15: 00007ffdbdeb7858 </TASK>
Allocated by task 23037: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3f/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:372 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0x98/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:389 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:211 [inline] __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:3981 [inline] __kmalloc+0x22e/0x490 mm/slub.c:3994 kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:594 [inline] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:711 [inline] fib6_info_alloc+0x2e/0xf0 net/ipv6/ip6_fib.c:155 ip6_route_info_create+0x445/0x12b0 net/ipv6/route.c:3758 ip6_route_multipath_add net/ipv6/route.c:5298 [inline] inet6_rtm_newroute+0x744/0x2300 net/ipv6/route.c:5517 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x885/0x1040 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6597 netlink_rcv_skb+0x1e3/0x430 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2543 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1341 [inline] netlink_unicast+0x7ea/0x980 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1367 netlink_sendmsg+0xa3b/0xd70 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1908 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x221/0x270 net/socket.c:745 ____sys_sendmsg+0x525/0x7d0 net/socket.c:2584 ___sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2638 [inline] __sys_sendmsg+0x2b0/0x3a0 net/socket.c:2667 do_syscall_64+0xf9/0x240 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6f/0x77
Freed by task 16: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3f/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 kasan_save_free_info+0x4e/0x60 mm/kasan/generic.c:640 poison_slab_object+0xa6/0xe0 m ---truncated---
Patch / fix
- Linux Linux 4.19.310, 5.4.272, 5.10.213, 5.15.152, 6.1.82, 6.6.22, 6.7.10, 6.8
- linux linux_kernel 4.19.310, 5.4.272, 5.10.213, 5.15.152, 6.1.82, 6.6.22, 6.7.10, 6.8, 31ea5bcc7d4c, 61b34f73cdbd, 79ce2e54cc0a, 664f9c647260, 685f7d531264, 394334fe2ae3, cae330325795, ed883060c387
- Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem V1.1.1
- linux Debian 12 6.1.82-1
- linux Debian 14, Debian 13 6.7.12-1
debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2024-26852
- linux Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-189.209
- linux Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-112.122
- linux-aws Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-1128.138
- linux-aws Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1063.69
- linux-gcp Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-1132.141
- linux-gcp Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1062.70
- linux-gke Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1060.66
- linux-ibm Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-1075.80
ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2024-26852
Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0
- kernel-rt RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-kvm RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-core RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-modules RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-debug-kvm RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-debug-core RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-debug-modules RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel-rt-modules-extra RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
red hat advisories RHSA-2024:5102RHSA-2024:5101RHSA-2024:6206RHSA-2024:4554RHSA-2024:4533RHSA-2024:4928
- kernel-rt Linux Micro 6.0 6.4.0-9.1
- kernel-source-rt Linux Micro 6.0 6.4.0-9.1
- kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_10 SLE Live Patching 15 SP5 13-150500.11.8.1
- kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_26 SLE Live Patching 15 SP4 10-150400.9.6.1
- kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_23 SLE Live Patching 15 SP4 13-150400.9.8.1
- kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_12 SLE Live Patching 15 SP5 11-150500.11.10.1
- kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_11 SLE Live Patching 15 SP5 11-150500.11.6.1
- kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_24 SLE Live Patching 15 SP4 11-150400.9.6.1
suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:20028-1SUSE-SU-2025:0266-1SUSE-SU-2025:0264-1SUSE-SU-2025:0261-1SUSE-SU-2025:0253-1SUSE-SU-2025:0252-1
- kernel AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- perf AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- bpftool AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- kernel-core AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- kernel-tools AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- python3-perf AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- kernel-modules AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- kernel-zfcpdump AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
almalinux advisories ALSA-2024:5101ALSA-2024:5102ALSA-2024:4928
- kernel Rocky Linux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10.cloud.0.1
- kernel Rocky Linux 9 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4.cloud.1.0
- kernel-rt Rocky Linux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10
- kernel Rocky Linux 8 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10
- kernel Rocky Linux 9 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4
rocky linux advisories RXSA-2024:5101RXSA-2024:4928RLSA-2024:5102RLSA-2024:5101RLSA-2024:4928
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/31ea5bcc7d4cd1423de6be327a2c034725704136 commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/664f9c647260cc9d68b4e31d9899530d89dd045e commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/79ce2e54cc0ae366f45516c00bf1b19aa43e9abe commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/cae3303257950d03ffec2df4a45e836f10d26c24 commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/394334fe2ae3b9f1e2332b873857e84cb28aac18 commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed883060c38721ed828061f6c0c30e5147326c9a commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/61b34f73cdbdb8eaf9ea12e9e2eb3b29716c4dda commit
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/685f7d531264599b3f167f1e94bbd22f120e5fab commit
Vendor advisories
What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.
red hat product security vex CVE-2024-26852 updated cvss 7.0
kernel: net/ipv6: avoid possible UAF in ip6_route_mpath_notify()
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 perf, kernel, python-perf, kernel-kdump, kernel-firmware, kernel-bootwrapper, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 perf, kernel, bpftool, kernel-rt, python-perf, kernel-kdump, +8 moreaffected: no fix planned “Out of support scope”
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 kernel-rt, kernel-rt-kvm, kernel-rt-core, kernel-rt-modules, kernel-rt-debug-kvm, kernel-rt-debug-core, +12 moreaffected: no fix available
-
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.8.8) kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:6206
-
Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.2) kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4533
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) rv 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, perf 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, rtla 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, +6 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4928
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) perf 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, rtla 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, +5 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4533
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) perf 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, kernel 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, bpftool 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, kernel-core 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, kernel-tools 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, python3-perf 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, +15 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:5101
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) bpftool 7.3.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-64k 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-core 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-tools 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, python3-perf 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, +28 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4928
show 12 moreshow fewer
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6) perf 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, bpftool 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel-core 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel-tools 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, python3-perf 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, +8 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.6) perf 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, bpftool 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel-core 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel-tools 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, python3-perf 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, +15 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4902
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.8) perf 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, kernel 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, bpftool 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, kernel-core 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, kernel-tools 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, python3-perf 4.18.0-477.70.1.el8_8, +15 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:6206
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.2) bpftool 7.0.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-64k 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-core 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, kernel-tools 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, python3-perf 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2, +28 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4533
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.6) perf 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, bpftool 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel-core 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, kernel-tools 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, python3-perf 4.18.0-372.113.1.el8_6, +8 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4902
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 4.18.0-553.16.1.el8_10fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:5101
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) libperf 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4928
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-kvm 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-core 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-modules 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-core 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, +4 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:5102
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, +6 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4928
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.2) kernel-rt 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules-core 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, +4 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.2) kernel-rt 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-284.73.1.rt14.358.el9_2, +6 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4554
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-core 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-modules 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-core 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-modules 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, kernel-rt-modules-extra 4.18.0-553.16.1.rt7.357.el8_10, +2 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:5102
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 9) kernel-rt 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-modules-core 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-427.28.1.el9_4, +4 morefixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:4928
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) kernel-doc 5.14.0-284.73.1.el9_2not affected: vulnerable code not present
Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf
cisa ICSA-24-102-01 updated cvss 7.0
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP
-
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystemaffected: mitigation, no fix available
Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf
CISA SSVC
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
- Assessed
- 2 y ago
Exploit prediction
0.27% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 19% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).
CVSS scores
| assigned by | version | score | vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA | 3.1 | 7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| CISA ADP | 3.1 | 7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Affected products
- Linux Linux
- linux linux_kernel
- Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem
Classification
- Weakness
-
- CWE-416 Use After Free
- Technology feeds
References
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/31ea5bcc7d4cd1423de6be327a2c034725704136
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/664f9c647260cc9d68b4e31d9899530d89dd045e
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/79ce2e54cc0ae366f45516c00bf1b19aa43e9abe
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/cae3303257950d03ffec2df4a45e836f10d26c24
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/394334fe2ae3b9f1e2332b873857e84cb28aac18
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/ed883060c38721ed828061f6c0c30e5147326c9a
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/61b34f73cdbdb8eaf9ea12e9e2eb3b29716c4dda
patch
-
git.kernel.org
/stable/c/685f7d531264599b3f167f1e94bbd22f120e5fab
patch
-
lists.debian.org
/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00017.html
mailing-list, third-party-advisory
-
lists.debian.org
/debian-lts-announce/2024/06/msg00020.html
mailing-list, third-party-advisory
- cert-portal.siemens.com /productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
Sources
- CVE List CVE-2024-26852
- NVD CVE-2024-26852
Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.