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Fencer Vulns
high 7.5

CVE-2023-4408 json

Parsing large DNS messages may cause excessive CPU load

published 2024-02-13 2 y ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also EUVD-2023-54271

cvss
7.5
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
1.4%
EPSS 1.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 72%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

The DNS message parsing code in `named` includes a section whose computational complexity is overly high. It does not cause problems for typical DNS traffic, but crafted queries and responses may cause excessive CPU load on the affected `named` instance by exploiting this flaw. This issue affects both authoritative servers and recursive resolvers. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.0.0 through 9.16.45, 9.18.0 through 9.18.21, 9.19.0 through 9.19.19, 9.9.3-S1 through 9.11.37-S1, 9.16.8-S1 through 9.16.45-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.21-S1.

Patch / fix

  • isc bind 9.16.48, 9.16.48-S1, 9.18.24, 9.18.24-S1, 9.19.21
  • bind9 Debian 12 1:9.18.24-1
  • bind9 Debian 14, Debian 13 1:9.19.21-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2023-4408

  • bind9 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 1:9.16.48-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
  • bind9 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 1:9.18.18-0ubuntu0.22.04.2

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2023-4408

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • bind RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • bind-libs RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • bind-utils RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • bind-chroot RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • bind-license RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • python3-bind RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • bind-dyndb-ldap RHEL 9 11.9-9.el9_4
  • bind-dnssec-utils RHEL 9 32:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1

red hat advisories RHSA-2025:0039RHSA-2024:2720RHSA-2024:2721RHSA-2024:2551RHSA-2024:1800RHSA-2024:1803

  • bind SLES for SAP 15 SP2, SLES 15 SP2-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS +1 more 9.16.6-150000.12.74.2
  • libuv SLES for SAP 15 SP2, SLES 15 SP2-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS +1 more 1.18.0-150000.3.2.1
  • bind SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 +2 more 9.16.6-150300.22.44.1
  • bind SLES for SAP 12 SP5, SLES 12 SP5, SLE Software Development Kit 12 SP5 9.11.22-3.52.1
  • bind SLES for SAP 15 SP4, SLES 15 SP4-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS +3 more 9.16.48-150400.5.40.1
  • bind SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP5, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP5, openSUSE Leap 15.5 9.16.48-150500.8.16.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2024:2033-1SUSE-SU-2024:1982-1SUSE-SU-2024:1894-1SUSE-SU-2024:0590-1SUSE-SU-2024:0574-1

  • bind openSUSE Tumbleweed 9.18.24-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2024:13687-1

  • bind AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • bind-sdb AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • bind-libs AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • bind-utils AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • bind-chroot AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • bind-pkcs11 AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • bind-license AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • python3-bind AlmaLinux 8 32:9.11.36-14.el8_10

almalinux advisories ALSA-2024:3271ALSA-2024:2551ALSA-2024:1782ALSA-2024:1781ALSA-2024:1789

  • bind Rocky Linux 8 2:9.11.36-14.el8_10
  • dhcp Rocky Linux 8 2:4.3.6-50.el8_10
  • bind Rocky Linux 9 2:9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
  • bind-dyndb-ldap Rocky Linux 9 11.9-9.el9_4
  • bind9.16 Rocky Linux 8 2:9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2
  • bind Rocky Linux 8 2:9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
  • dhcp Rocky Linux 8 2:4.3.6-49.el8_9.1

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2024:3271RLSA-2024:2551RLSA-2024:1781RLSA-2024:1782

  • bind Alpine 3.16 9.16.48-r0
  • bind Alpine 3.24, Alpine 3.23, Alpine 3.22 +5 more 9.18.24-r0

alpine advisories ALPINE-CVE-2023-4408

Alpine secdb © Alpine Linux, from https://secdb.alpinelinux.org via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • bind CBL-Mariner 2.0 9.16.48-1
  • bind Azure Linux 3.0 9.19.21-1

azure linux advisories AZL-34353AZL-34560

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2023-4408 updated cvss 7.5

bind9: Parsing large DNS messages may cause excessive CPU load

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 bind
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 8) bind9.16-libs 9.16.23-0.16.el8_9.2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1781
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) bind-libs 9.16.23-14.el9_3.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1789
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.8.6) bind9.16-libs 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5, python3-bind9.16 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5, bind9.16-dnssec-utils 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1647
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.8.8) bind9.16-libs 9.16.23-0.14.el8_8.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1648
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.0) bind-libs 9.16.23-1.el9_0.5
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1800
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.2) bind-libs 9.16.23-11.el9_2.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1803
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) bind 9.11.36-14.el8_10, bind 9.11.36-11.el8_9.1, bind-sdb 9.11.36-14.el8_10, bind-libs 9.11.36-14.el8_10, bind-sdb 9.11.36-11.el8_9.1, bind-libs 9.11.36-11.el8_9.1, +25 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3271
show 21 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) bind 9.16.23-14.el9_3.4, bind 9.16.23-18.el9_4.1, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.9-9.el9_4, bind-libs 9.16.23-14.el9_3.4, bind-libs 9.16.23-18.el9_4.1, bind-utils 9.16.23-14.el9_3.4, +10 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1789
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, bind-sdb 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, bind-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, bind-utils 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, bind-chroot 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, bind-pkcs11 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2890
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-sdb 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-utils 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-chroot 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-pkcs11 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, +6 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-sdb 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-utils 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-chroot 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-pkcs11 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2821
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.6) bind 9.11.36-3.el8_6.7, bind-sdb 9.11.36-3.el8_6.7, bind-libs 9.11.36-3.el8_6.7, bind-utils 9.11.36-3.el8_6.7, bind9.16 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.5, bind-chroot 9.11.36-3.el8_6.7, +11 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2720
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.8) bind 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, bind-sdb 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, bind-libs 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, bind-utils 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, bind-chroot 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, bind-pkcs11 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, +13 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2721
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.0) bind 9.16.23-1.el9_0.5, bind-libs 9.16.23-1.el9_0.5, bind-utils 9.16.23-1.el9_0.5, bind-chroot 9.16.23-1.el9_0.5, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.9-7.el9_0.1, bind-license 9.16.23-1.el9_0.5, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1800
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) bind 9.16.23-11.el9_2.4, bind-libs 9.16.23-11.el9_2.4, bind-utils 9.16.23-11.el9_2.4, bind-chroot 9.16.23-11.el9_2.4, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.9-8.el9_2.2, bind-license 9.16.23-11.el9_2.4, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1803
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-sdb 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-utils 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-chroot 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, bind-pkcs11 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2821
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bind 9.11.36-14.el8_10, bind 9.11.36-11.el8_9.1, bind-export-libs 9.11.36-14.el8_10, bind-export-libs 9.11.36-11.el8_9.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3271
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) dhcp 4.3.6-40.el8_2.3, bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.7, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-40.el8_2.3, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-40.el8_2.3, dhcp-client 4.3.6-40.el8_2.3, dhcp-common 4.3.6-40.el8_2.3, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2890
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) dhcp 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-client 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-common 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, +2 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.4) dhcp 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-client 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-common 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2821
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.6) dhcp 4.3.6-47.el8_6.2, bind 9.11.36-3.el8_6.7, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-47.el8_6.2, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-47.el8_6.2, dhcp-client 4.3.6-47.el8_6.2, dhcp-common 4.3.6-47.el8_6.2, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2720
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.8) dhcp 4.3.6-49.el8_8.1, bind 9.11.36-8.el8_8.4, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-49.el8_8.1, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-49.el8_8.1, dhcp-client 4.3.6-49.el8_8.1, dhcp-common 4.3.6-49.el8_8.1, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2721
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.4) dhcp 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.4, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-client 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, dhcp-common 4.3.6-44.el8_4.3, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2821
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) dhcp 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, dhclient 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, dhcp-libs 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, dhcp-common 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, +4 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client Optional (v. 7) dhcp 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.1-7.el7_9.1, bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, +3 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode Optional (v. 7) dhcp 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.1-7.el7_9.1, bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, +3 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3741
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) bind-libs 9.16.23-18.el9_4.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2551
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server -EXTENSION(v. 6 ELS-EXTENSION) bind 9.8.2-0.68.rc1.el6_10.14, bind-dyndb-ldap 2.3-8.el6_10.1, bind-libs 9.8.2-0.68.rc1.el6_10.14, bind-utils 9.8.2-0.68.rc1.el6_10.14, bind-chroot 9.8.2-0.68.rc1.el6_10.14
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:0039
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) dhcp 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, dhclient 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, dhcp-libs 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, dhcp-common 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.1-7.el7_9.1, +9 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3741
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional -EXTENSION (v. 6 ELS -EXTENSION) bind-sdb 9.8.2-0.68.rc1.el6_10.14
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2025:0039
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional (v. 7) bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-sdb-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) dhcp 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, dhclient 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, dhcp-libs 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, dhcp-common 4.2.5-83.el7_9.2, bind-dyndb-ldap 11.1-7.el7_9.1, +9 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation Optional (v. 7) bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16, bind-sdb-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.16
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3741
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 dhcp, dhcp-relay, dhcp-client, dhcp-common, dhcp-server Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) dhcp 4.3.6-50.el8_10, dhcp 4.3.6-49.el8_9.1, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-50.el8_10, dhcp-libs 4.3.6-49.el8_9.1, dhcp-relay 4.3.6-50.el8_10, dhcp-client 4.3.6-50.el8_10, +6 more
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
2 y ago

Exploit prediction

1.39% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 72% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected products

  • ISC BIND 9

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.

CPEs and fixed versions use Anchore's correction of NVD's data: Added CPE configurations because not yet analyzed by NVD.