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Fencer Vulns
high 7.8

CVE-2023-4244 json

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component

published 2023-09-06 3 y ago modified 2026-07-30 3 mo ago also EUVD-2023-54115

cvss
7.8
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
0.2%
EPSS 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 15%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation.

Due to a race condition between nf_tables netlink control plane transaction and nft_set element garbage collection, it is possible to underflow the reference counter causing a use-after-free vulnerability.

We recommend upgrading past commit 3e91b0ebd994635df2346353322ac51ce84ce6d8.

Patch / fix

  • Linux Kernel 4.19.316, 5.4.262, 5.10.198, 5.15.134, 6.1.56, 6.4.11
  • linux Debian 12 6.1.55-1
  • linux Debian 14, Debian 13 6.4.13-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2023-4244

  • linux Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-173.191
  • linux Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-87.97
  • linux-aws Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-1120.130
  • linux-aws Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1048.53
  • linux-gcp Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-1124.133
  • linux-gcp Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1045.53
  • linux-gke Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 5.15.0-1045.50
  • linux-ibm Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 5.4.0-1067.72

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2023-4244

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • kernel-rt RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-kvm RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-core RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-modules RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-debug-kvm RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-debug-core RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-debug-modules RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-modules-extra RHEL 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10

red hat advisories RHSA-2024:2950RHSA-2024:3138RHSA-2024:3414RHSA-2024:3421RHSA-2024:1248RHSA-2024:1018

  • kernel-rt SLE Micro 5.2, SLE Micro 5.1 5.3.18-150300.202.1
  • kernel-source-rt SLE Micro 5.2, SLE Micro 5.1 5.3.18-150300.202.1
  • kernel-64kb SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS, Enterprise Storage 7.1 5.3.18-150300.59.198.1
  • kernel-syms SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.198.1
  • kernel-source SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.198.1
  • kernel-default SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE Micro 5.2 +5 more 5.3.18-150300.59.198.1
  • kernel-preempt SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.198.1
  • kernel-obs-build SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS +1 more 5.3.18-150300.59.198.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2025:0867-1SUSE-SU-2025:0855-1SUSE-SU-2025:0771-1SUSE-SU-2024:2901-1SUSE-SU-2024:2561-1SUSE-SU-2024:2493-1

  • kernel-rt AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-kvm AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-core AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-modules AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-debug-kvm AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-debug-core AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-debug-modules AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel-rt-modules-extra AlmaLinux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10

almalinux advisories ALSA-2024:2950ALSA-2024:3138

  • kernel Rocky Linux 8 4.18.0-553.123.1.el8_10.cloud.0.1
  • kernel-rt Rocky Linux 8 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10
  • kernel Rocky Linux 8 4.18.0-553.el8_10
  • kernel Rocky Linux 9 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3.cloud.0.6

rocky linux advisories RXSA-2024:3138RLSA-2024:2950RLSA-2024:3138RXSA-2024:1248

  • kernel CBL-Mariner 2.0 5.15.135.1-2

azure linux advisories AZL-28676

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2023-4244 updated cvss 7.0

kernel: Use-after-free in nft_verdict_dump due to a race between set GC and transaction

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 perf, kernel, python-perf, kernel-kdump, kernel-firmware, kernel-bootwrapper, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 perf, kernel, bpftool, kernel-rt, python-perf, kernel-kdump, +8 more
    affected: workaround, no fix planned “Out of support scope”
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 kernel-rt, kernel-rt-kvm, kernel-rt-core, kernel-rt-modules, kernel-rt-debug-kvm, kernel-rt-debug-core, +12 more
    affected: workaround, no fix available
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) libperf 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1248
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.0) kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3421
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.2) kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1018
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) rv 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, perf 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, rtla 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1248
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.0) perf 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matched 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3421
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) perf 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, rtla 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-64k-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-debug-devel-matched 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, +5 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1018
show 15 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) perf 4.18.0-553.el8_10, kernel 4.18.0-553.el8_10, bpftool 4.18.0-553.el8_10, kernel-core 4.18.0-553.el8_10, kernel-tools 4.18.0-553.el8_10, python3-perf 4.18.0-553.el8_10, +15 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3138
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) bpftool 7.2.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-64k 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-core 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-tools 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, python3-perf 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, +28 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1248
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.0) kernel 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, bpftool 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-core 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-tools 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, python3-perf 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, kernel-modules 5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_0, +14 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3421
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.9.2) bpftool 7.0.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-64k 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-core 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, kernel-tools 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, python3-perf 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2, +28 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1018
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 4.18.0-553.el8_10, kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 4.18.0-553.el8_10, kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le 4.18.0-553.el8_10
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3138
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8) kernel-rt 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-kvm 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-core 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-modules 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-core 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2950
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time (v. 9) kernel-rt 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-modules-core 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1248
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.0) kernel-rt 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-modules-extra 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3414
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time EUS (v.9.2) kernel-rt 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules-core 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-modules 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1019
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV (v. 9) kernel-rt 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-362.24.1.el9_3, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1248
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.0) kernel-rt 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-70.101.1.rt21.173.el9_0, +4 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:3414
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV EUS (v.9.2) kernel-rt 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-kvm 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-core 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-modules 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-kvm 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, kernel-rt-debug-core 5.14.0-284.55.1.rt14.340.el9_2, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:1019
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8) kernel-rt 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-core 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-modules 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-core 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-debug-modules 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, kernel-rt-modules-extra 4.18.0-553.rt7.342.el8_10, +2 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2950
  • Red Hat RHOL 5.8 for RHEL 9 openshift-logging/fluentd-rhel9 v5.8.6-5, openshift-logging/vector-rhel9 v0.28.1-56, openshift-logging/eventrouter-rhel9 v0.4.0-247, openshift-logging/logging-loki-rhel9 v2.9.6-14, openshift-logging/loki-rhel9-operator v5.8.6-10, openshift-logging/loki-operator-bundle v5.8.6-24, +11 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2024:2094
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2) kernel-doc 5.14.0-284.55.1.el9_2
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Exploit prediction

0.24% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 15% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 7.0 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

  • Linux Kernel

Classification

Weakness
Technology feeds

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.