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Fencer Vulns
high 7.5

CVE-2023-2828 json

named's configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded

published 2023-06-21 3 y ago modified 2026-10-24 15 d ago also EUVD-2023-34279

cvss
7.5
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Not listed
not in CISA's catalog
epss
3.7%
EPSS 3.7% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 89%
public exploits
0
none known

Summary

Every `named` instance configured to run as a recursive resolver maintains a cache database holding the responses to the queries it has recently sent to authoritative servers. The size limit for that cache database can be configured using the `max-cache-size` statement in the configuration file; it defaults to 90% of the total amount of memory available on the host. When the size of the cache reaches 7/8 of the configured limit, a cache-cleaning algorithm starts to remove expired and/or least-recently used RRsets from the cache, to keep memory use below the configured limit.

It has been discovered that the effectiveness of the cache-cleaning algorithm used in `named` can be severely diminished by querying the resolver for specific RRsets in a certain order, effectively allowing the configured `max-cache-size` limit to be significantly exceeded. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.41, 9.18.0 through 9.18.15, 9.19.0 through 9.19.13, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.41-S1, and 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.15-S1.

Patch / fix

  • bind9 Debian 12 1:9.18.16-1~deb12u1
  • bind9 Debian 14, Debian 13 1:9.18.16-1

debian advisories DEBIAN-CVE-2023-2828

  • bind9 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 1:9.16.1-0ubuntu2.15
  • bind9 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 1:9.18.12-0ubuntu0.22.04.2
  • bind9 Ubuntu Pro 14.04 LTS 1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.19+esm10
  • bind9 Ubuntu Pro 16.04 LTS 1:9.10.3.dfsg.P4-8ubuntu1.19+esm6
  • bind9 Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS 1:9.11.3+dfsg-1ubuntu1.19+esm1

ubuntu advisories UBUNTU-CVE-2023-2828

Ubuntu security data © Canonical Ltd., from https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-security-notices via OSV; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. CC BY-SA 4.0

  • bind RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-sdb RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-libs RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-utils RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-chroot RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-pkcs11 RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-license RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
  • bind-libs-lite RHEL 7 32:9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14

red hat advisories RHSA-2023:4332RHSA-2023:4153RHSA-2023:4152RHSA-2023:4154RHSA-2023:4100RHSA-2023:4101

  • bind SLES for SAP 15 SP3, SLES 15 SP3-LTSS, SLE Real Time 15 SP3 +8 more 9.16.6-150300.22.30.1
  • bind SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP5, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP5, openSUSE Leap 15.5 9.16.42-150500.8.3.1
  • bind SLES for SAP 15 SP2, SLES for SAP 15 SP1, SLES 15 SP2-LTSS +6 more 9.16.6-150000.12.68.1
  • bind SLES for SAP 12 SP5, SLES for SAP 12 SP4, SLES 12 SP5 +5 more 9.11.22-3.46.4
  • bind SLES 12 SP2-BCL 9.9.9P1-63.40.1
  • bind SLE Module for Server Applications 15 SP4, SLE Module for Basesystem 15 SP4, openSUSE Leap 15.4 9.16.42-150400.5.27.1

suse advisories SUSE-SU-2023:2954-1SUSE-SU-2023:2836-1SUSE-SU-2023:2794-1SUSE-SU-2023:2793-1SUSE-SU-2023:2789-1SUSE-SU-2023:2667-1

  • bind openSUSE Tumbleweed 9.18.16-1.1

opensuse advisories openSUSE-SU-2024:13015-1

  • bind AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind-libs AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind-utils AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind-chroot AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind-license AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • python3-bind AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind-dnssec-utils AlmaLinux 9 32:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind9.16 AlmaLinux 8 32:9.16.23-0.14.el8_8.1.alma

almalinux advisories ALSA-2023:4099ALSA-2023:4100ALSA-2023:4102

  • bind Rocky Linux 9 2:9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
  • bind9.16 Rocky Linux 8 2:9.16.23-0.14.el8_8.1
  • bind Rocky Linux 8 2:9.11.36-8.el8_8.1

rocky linux advisories RLSA-2023:4099RLSA-2023:4100RLSA-2023:4102

  • dhcp CBL-Mariner 2.0 4.4.2-5
  • bind CBL-Mariner 2.0 9.16.33-2

azure linux advisories AZL-27203AZL-27238

Azure Linux vulnerability data, Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation, from https://github.com/microsoft/AzureLinuxVulnerabilityData via OSV, under the MIT licence; changed: normalised to fixed package versions per release. MIT

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2023-2828 updated cvss 7.5

bind: named's configured cache size limit can be significantly exceeded

  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.8.6) bind9.16-libs 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.2, python3-bind9.16 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.2, bind9.16-dnssec-utils 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4037
  • Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder EUS (v.9.0) bind-libs 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4005
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8) bind 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, bind-sdb 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, bind-libs 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, bind-utils 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, bind-chroot 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, bind-pkcs11 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, +13 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4102
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) bind 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1, bind-libs 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1, bind-utils 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1, bind-chroot 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1, bind-license 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1, python3-bind 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1, +1 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4099
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-sdb 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-utils 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-chroot 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-pkcs11 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4153
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-sdb 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-utils 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-chroot 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-pkcs11 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4332
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v. 8.1) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, bind-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, bind-utils 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4154
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-sdb 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-utils 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-chroot 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-pkcs11 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4153
show 19 more
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-sdb 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-utils 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-chroot 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-pkcs11 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4332
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.6) bind 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4, bind-sdb 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4, bind-libs 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4, bind-utils 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4, bind9.16 9.16.23-0.7.el8_6.2, bind-chroot 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4, +11 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4101
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.0) bind 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2, bind-libs 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2, bind-utils 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2, bind-chroot 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2, bind-license 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2, python3-bind 9.16.23-1.el9_0.2, +1 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4005
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-sdb 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-utils 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-chroot 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-pkcs11 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4153
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-sdb 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-utils 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-chroot 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-pkcs11 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, +6 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4332
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8) bind 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1, bind-export-libs 9.11.36-8.el8_8.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4102
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-export-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4153
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-export-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4332
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v. 8.1) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7, bind-export-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el8_1.7
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4154
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-export-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4153
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-export-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4332
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS (v.8.6) bind 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4, bind-export-libs 9.11.36-3.el8_6.4
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4101
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v. 8.2) bind 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5, bind-export-libs 9.11.13-6.el8_2.5
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4153
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.4) bind 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2, bind-export-libs 9.11.26-4.el8_4.2
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4332
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client (v. 7) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-utils 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-license 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-libs-lite 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-export-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client Optional (v. 7) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-sdb-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-pkcs11-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, +1 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux ComputeNode Optional (v. 7) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-sdb-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-pkcs11-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, +1 more
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4152
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 8) bind9.16-libs 9.16.23-0.14.el8_8.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4100
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux CRB (v. 9) bind-libs 9.16.23-11.el9_2.1
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4099
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (v. 7) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-utils 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-license 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, +4 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server Optional (v. 7) bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-sdb-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation (v. 7) bind 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-libs 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-utils 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-pkcs11 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-license 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, +4 more Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation Optional (v. 7) bind-sdb 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14, bind-sdb-chroot 9.11.4-26.P2.el7_9.14
    fixed: vendor fix RHSA-2023:4152
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 bind, bind-sdb, bind-libs, bind-utils, bind-chroot Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 dhcp, dhcp-relay, dhcp-client, dhcp-common, dhcp-server
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

cisa ICSA-25-105-08 updated cvss 6.5

ABB M2M Gateway

  • ABB M2M Gateway >=4.1.2, <=5.0.3, >=5.0.1, <=5.0.3
    affected: mitigation

Facts from CISA's republication of the vendor's own advisory (CSAF); the linked advisory is the authoritative source. CISA notification · csaf

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial
Assessed
23 mo ago

Exploit prediction

3.70% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 89% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CNA 3.1 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Affected products

  • ISC BIND 9

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.