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Fencer Vulns
high 8.1

CVE-2018-11776 kev in the critical feed json

Apache Struts vulnerable to remote command execution (RCE) due to improper input validation

published 2018-08-22 8 y ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also GHSA-cr6j-3jp9-rw65 , EUVD-2018-0582

cvss
8.1
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Exploited
added 2021-11-03
epss
100.0%
EPSS 100.0% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 99.9%
public exploits
4
Metasploit, Exploit-DB, plus a Nuclei check

Summary

Apache Struts versions 2.3 to 2.3.34 and 2.5 to 2.5.16 suffer from possible Remote Code Execution when alwaysSelectFullNamespace is true (either by user or a plugin like Convention Plugin) and then: results are used with no namespace and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace and similar to results, same possibility when using url tag which doesn't have value and action set and in same time, its upper package have no or wildcard namespace.

Patch / fix

cisa required action Apply updates per vendor instructions.

  • maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.3.35, 2.5.17
  • apache struts 2.3.35, 2.5.17
  • oracle communications_policy_management 12.5.0

Vendor advisories

What the vendors themselves say about their products: affected, fixed or not affected, and what to do.

red hat product security vex CVE-2018-11776 updated cvss 9.8

struts2: Using specific results and namespaces can result in a remote code execution

  • Red Hat JBoss Fuse Service Works 6 struts2-core struts2-core
    not affected: vulnerable code not present

Red Hat CSAF VEX © Red Hat, Inc., from https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/; changed: reduced to product statuses and remediations. CC BY 4.0 · csaf

Timeline

  1. First public exploit (Metasploit exploit/multi/http/struts2_namespace_ognl)
  2. Published
  3. Added to CISA KEV
  4. CISA patch deadline
  5. CISA SSVC: exploitation active

Known exploited

Added
5 y ago
Patch by
2022-05-03 (4 y ago)
Ransomware
Not known
Required action
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
Vendor, product
Apache, Struts
CISA name
Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

ATT&CK techniques

How it is exploited and what it leads to, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.

  • T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application exploitation
  • T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter primary impact
  • T1496 Resource Hijacking secondary impact

kev release 2025-07-28, att&ck v16.1. KEV to ATT&CK mappings by the MITRE Center for Threat-Informed Defense (Mappings Explorer, Apache-2.0). © 2026 The MITRE Corporation. This work is reproduced and distributed with the permission of The MITRE Corporation. Terms of use

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Active, exploited in the wild
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
21 mo ago

Exploit prediction

100.00% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • Metasploit exploit/multi/http/struts2_namespace_ognl Apache Struts 2 Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection metasploit exploit, excellent rank, 2018-08-22
  • EDB-45367 Apache Struts 2 - Namespace Redirect OGNL Injection (Metasploit) remote, 2018-09-10
  • EDB-45262 Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (2) remote, 2018-08-25
  • EDB-45260 Apache Struts 2.3 < 2.3.34 / 2.5 < 2.5.16 - Remote Code Execution (1) remote, 2018-08-26
  • Nuclei template Apache Struts2 S2-057 - Remote Code Execution nuclei detection template
  • lgtm.com https://lgtm.com/blog/apache_struts_CVE-2018-11776 referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified
  • github.com https://github.com/hook-s3c/CVE-2018-11776-Python-PoC referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CISA ADP 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CNA 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 2.0 9.3 AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
GitHub 3.0 8.1 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core
>=2.0.4, <2.3.35
>=2.5, <2.5.17
2.3.35
2.5.17

Affected products

  • Apache Software Foundation Apache Struts

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-20 Improper Input Validation

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.