CVE-2016-4461 json
Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation
published 2017-10-16 9 y ago modified 2026-06-17 4 mo ago also GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj , EUVD-2016-5450
- cvss
- 8.8
- version 3.0, NVD
- cisa kev
- Not listed
- not in CISA's catalog
- epss
- 8.1%
- EPSS 8.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 94%
- public exploits
- 0
- none known
Summary
Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-0785.
Patch / fix
- maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.3.29
- apache struts 2.3.29
Exploit prediction
8.09% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 94% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).
CVSS scores
| assigned by | version | score | vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVD | 3.0 | 8.8 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVD | 2.0 | 9.0 | AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C |
| GitHub | 3.0 | 8.8 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
Affected packages
| ecosystem | package | affected | fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| maven | org.apache.struts:struts2-core | >=2.0.0, <2.3.29 |
2.3.29 |
Classification
References
-
struts.apache.org
/docs/s2-036.html
web, mitigation, vendor-advisory
-
securityfocus.com
/bid/91277
vdb-entry, third-party-advisory
-
security.netapp.com
/advisory/ntap-20180629-0004/
third-party-advisory
-
nvd.nist.gov
/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4461
advisory
-
github.com
/apache/struts
package
-
security.netapp.com
/advisory/ntap-20180629-0004
web
Sources
- CVE List CVE-2016-4461
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-864w-r5qj-h6fj
- NVD CVE-2016-4461
Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.