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Fencer Vulns
high 8.1

CVE-2016-3081 kev in the critical feed json

Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability

published 2016-04-26 10 y ago modified 2026-10-09 30 d ago also GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm , EUVD-2022-3161

cvss
8.1
version 3.1, CNA
cisa kev
Exploited
added 2026-10-08
epss
96.5%
EPSS 96.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days, percentile 99.8%
public exploits
2
Metasploit, Exploit-DB, plus a Nuclei check

Summary

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

Patch / fix

cisa required action Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.

  • maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  • apache struts 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. First public exploit (Metasploit exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec)
  3. CISA SSVC: exploitation active
  4. Added to CISA KEV
  5. CISA patch deadline

Known exploited

Added
32 d ago
Patch by
2026-10-11 (29 d ago)
Ransomware
Not known
Required action
Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.
Vendor, product
Apache, Struts
CISA name
Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability

CISA SSVC

Exploitation
Active, exploited in the wild
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total
Assessed
32 d ago

Exploit prediction

96.53% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.8% of all scored CVEs (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-08).

Exploits and checks

  • Metasploit exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution metasploit exploit, excellent rank, 2016-04-27
  • EDB-39756 Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit) remote, 2016-05-02
  • Nuclei template Apache S2-032 Struts - Remote Code Execution nuclei detection template
  • packetstormsecurity.com http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html referenced PoC, tagged "exploit" by a source, unverified

CVSS scores

assigned by version score vector
CISA ADP 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CNA 3.1 8.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
NVD 2.0 9.3 AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
GitHub 3.0 8.1 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected packages

ecosystem package affected fixed in
maven org.apache.struts:struts2-core
>=2.3.19, <2.3.20.3
>=2.3.21, <2.3.24.3
>=2.3.25, <2.3.28.1
2.3.20.3
2.3.24.3
2.3.28.1

Classification

Weakness
  • CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command

References

Sources

Fencer Vulns keeps one entry per vulnerability: the CVE id wins, then GHSA, and records that alias each other are merged, except that two CVEs always keep separate entries. The same data is available as JSON.